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Woodworking Joinery

Woodworking Joinery. by Scott Engelmann. Woodworking Joinery. Why are joints used? To produce more complex shapes and products When are joints used? when changing the direction of the grain or a member of the structure and to strengthen the part. What joints to use?

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Woodworking Joinery

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  1. Woodworking Joinery by Scott Engelmann

  2. Woodworking Joinery • Why are joints used? To produce more complex shapes and products • When are joints used? when changing the direction of the grain or a member of the structure and to strengthen the part. • What joints to use? • How to make the joint? • Advantages and disadvantages

  3. Further Information • Woodwork Joints by William Fairham-http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21531 • Mario Rodriquez with Fine Woodworking Magazine

  4. Basic Joints • Butt joints • Miter joints • Bridle joints • Dovetail joints • Dado joints • Rabbet joints • Mortise and Tenon • Splice joints • Lap joints • Finger/Box joints • Groove joints • Splines - Keys • Biscuits – Dowels • Pocket holes • Frame and Panel Construction • Cope and Stick joinery

  5. Common Terminology: • Six sides of a board: Ends, Edges, & Faces • Long Grain ( Edges& Faces) • Short Grain/End Grain Considerations Material Tools/Equipment available Skill level/Personal preferences Time Amount of wood movement & Direction

  6. Requirements for a well made joint • Snug, not so tight that too much pressure could cause the joint to fail. Not so loose that glue is being used as “filler”. Remember, wet glue will cause wood to swell so a tight joint may become unmanageable during final assembly.

  7. End to face Butt Butt joints Edge to edge Butt Pocket hole Reinforced Butt joints Dowel Spline Biscuit

  8. Butt joints • Most commonly used joint • Simplest joint to make • Strongest application is edge to edge( long grain) • the more area is joined, the better will be the strength of the joint.

  9. Miter joints

  10. Miter Joints • A miter consists of 2 matched angles usually 45⁰ or 22.5⁰ but could be any angle depending on the result wanted • Hides end grain

  11. Bridle joints

  12. Dovetail joints Through Dovetail Sliding Dovetail Half blind Dovetail Keyed Dovetail half lap Dovetail half lap

  13. Dovetail joints • Advantages - strong and interlocking joint- decorative • Disadvantages – time consuming make by hand or a jig is needed to machine cut • This joint requires precision cutting and can be difficult for a beginner to make well. • Uses- drawer and box corners

  14. Dado joints Rabbet/Rebate joints Stopped Dado Through Dado Dado-rabbet

  15. Dado joints • Advantages - strong joint as the materials interlock- glue provides added strength • Allows for easier assembly because the boards are aligned when they fit into the dado • Helps to straighten cupped boards • Disadvantages – ? • Uses- shelves or dividers in a box. • Rabbet/Rebate joints • Increases glue surface

  16. Mortise and Tenon joints

  17. Mortise & tenon joint • Advantages - A very strong and versatile joint • Disadvantages – somewhat time consuming to make depending on the equipment avaiable • Uses - strong corner joints for sturdy frames for windows, doors, beds and tables • Mortises can be cut with routers, drills, or by hand

  18. Mortise and Tenon joints(cont.)

  19. Mortise and Tenon joints(cont.) Loose/Feather Tenon

  20. Mortise and Loose Tenon joints Commercial products.

  21. Splice joints Scarf joint Finger splice

  22. Lap joints Half lap Cross lap Mitered Half Lap

  23. Lap joints • Advantages - quick and easy to cut with saw; fairly strong • Disadvantages - can be unsightly, best if reinforced with screws or dowels

  24. Finger/Box joints

  25. Finger/Box joints • Advantages - very strong due to surface area being glued • Disadvantages - Needs a jig to be cut accurately

  26. Groove joints Through groove Stopped groove Tongue and Groove Sliding Dovetail Rabbet-groove

  27. Groove joints • Helps insure proper alignment of parts • Increases glue surface

  28. Splines Keys Dovetail keys supporting a surface

  29. More Keys & Splines Butterfly Keys Dovetail keys on a miter (Mock Dovetails) Splined Miter Keyed miter

  30. Biscuits – Dowels

  31. Dowel joints • Advantages - quick to make and very strong • Disadvantages - Needs a jig or drill press to be used to drill parts accurately • Accuracy is paramount. The more dowels the greater the chance for misalignment making assembly harder or impossible • Biscuits have largely replaced dowels because thy are more forgiving

  32. Pocket holes

  33. Pocket holes Without a jig Basic jig

  34. Frame and Panel Construction

  35. Frame and Panel Construction • Allow 1/8” per foot across the grain for expansion and contraction • Try and keep your panels less than 12” wide • Use spacers on solid wood panels (space balls from Mcfeely) • Accepted practice and best appearance run the grain vertically

  36. Cope and Stick joinery

  37. Glue up procedures and recommendations Always do a full trial assembly with clamps, squares, and any other equipment needed. No one needs surprises when the glue is setting up. Allow plenty of time. The time spent in a proper glue-up is minimal after investing the time, effort, & money in your project. Best practice for removing glue squeeze out is don’t use to much glue. Wait until the glue skims over and remove with a sharp chisel

  38. Practice makes perfect • While cutting parts for your project save and set aside any scraps or unneeded short stock • Use the scrap and short stock for practice cuts before cutting into the project joints. The scraps and shorts should be the exact same thickness and will give you a realistic fit of the finished joint.

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