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Heat Illness

Heat Illness. General Warning Usually occurs during the first days of training Acclimatized to heat is necessary to successfully compete in heat and humidity Occurrence of heat illness indicates poor supervision of a sports program. Athletes who are the most susceptible to heat illness

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Heat Illness

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  1. Heat Illness • General Warning • Usually occurs during the first days of training • Acclimatized to heat is necessary to successfully compete in heat and humidity • Occurrence of heat illness indicates poor supervision of a sports program • Athletes who are the most susceptible to heat illness • Individuals unaccustomed to exercising in heat • Overweight individuals or large athletes (linemen in football) • Eager athletes • Athletes with illness, infection, fever or gastrointestinal problems • Athletes with elevated body temperature from immunizations

  2. Heat Illness Prevention • Keep record of body weight loss • Record athlete’s body weights • before practice • after practice • Educate coaches • Encourage athletes to replace fluids and electrolytes • Constantly monitor athletes for signs of heat illness • Medical screening of athletes • Prior heat illness • Other medical conditions • Acclimatization (allow 7 to 10 days) • Slowly develop a base of fitness • Adequate rest periods • Adapt activities to environment • Train in cooler times in the day • Take regular measurements of WBGT index • Wear appropiate clothing • cotton • moisture wicking fabrics • Adequate hydration and electrolyte replacement • Water • Sports Drinks • If you are not urinating you are dehydrated (watch color of urine)

  3. Heat Cramps • Etiology • Imbalance between water and electrolytes • Fluid loss (sweating heavily • High temperature • High humidity • Combination • High temperature • High humidity • Electrolyte imbalance • Signs and Symptoms • Muscle cramping • Calf • Hamstrings • Abdomen • Arms • Treatment • Rehydration and electrolyte replacement • Water • Sports drinks • Ice massage to affected muscles • Light stretching

  4. Etiology • Dehydration • Prolonged sweating • Diarrhea or intestinal infection • Inadequate replacement of • Bodily fluids • Electrolytes • Signs and Symptoms (WWW) • Excessive thirst • Dry tongue and mouth • Weight loss • Fatigue &/or weakness • Loss of coordination • Mental dullness • Small urine output • Slightly elevated body temperature • Reduced sweating Heat Exhaustion • Treatment • Rest in a cool room • IV fluids if drinking is impaired • Fluid intake of 6-8 liters/day • Sponge with cool water • Keep record of body weight • Keep record of fluid balance • Refer to MD as needed

  5. Heat Stroke • Etiology • Sudden onset of failure of the thermoregulatory system • Signs and Symptoms (Red, Hot, Dry) • Sudden collapse usually with LOC • Headache • Vertigo • Fatigue • Flushed (red) skin • Decreased or absent sweating (body can’t dissipate heat) • Shallow breathing • Rapid strong pulse (160-180 BPM) • Core temperature rises to 104º - 106º • Athlete feels like they are burning up • Diarrhea &/or vomiting • Circulatory collapse may cause • Death • Permanent brain damage

  6. Heat Stroke • Treatment • True medical emergency!!! • Emergency measures to reduce body temperature • Strip off clothing • Ice bath immersion • Ice towels • Fan • Massage limbs • Risk of death significantly reduced if core temperature is returned to normal within 45 minutes • Activate EMS • Transport to hospital ASAP

  7. Hyponatremia • Etiology • Abnormal low concentration of sodium in blood • Inadequate intake of electrolytes • Ingesting too much water • Individual with low rate of sweating • Compromises central nervous system creating a life threatening condition • Long distance athletes more susceptible • Marathoners or triathletes • Prevention • Assure adequate sodium intake • Avoid over hydration • Treatment • Immediate referral to MD

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