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Exchange 2007 Architecture and Deployment

Exchange 2007 Architecture and Deployment. Jim McBee jmcbee@somorita.com http://mostlyexchange.blogspot.com. Agenda. Messaging Challenges 64-bit Exchange Architecture Server Roles High Availability Upgrading to Exchange 2007 Summary. Info Worker Situation. IT Pro Situation

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Exchange 2007 Architecture and Deployment

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  1. Exchange 2007 Architecture and Deployment Jim McBee jmcbee@somorita.com http://mostlyexchange.blogspot.com

  2. Agenda • Messaging Challenges • 64-bit Exchange Architecture • Server Roles • High Availability • Upgrading to Exchange 2007 • Summary

  3. Info Worker Situation IT Pro Situation • E-mail is mission-critical • E-mail systems too complex/ expensive • Management tasks tedious, not automated Org-wide Situation • Security the top concern • Spam and viruses compromise the e-mail experience • Regulatory compliance critical in many industries • Users want easy access to all their communications • Mobile devices are increasingly common • Calendaring is frustrating Built-In Protection Anywhere Access Control Exchange 2007 Themes

  4. Why upgrade to Exchange 2007? More scalable Greatly improved OWA Consistent scripting interface Auto-discovery for Outlook 2007 Customizable over-quota and NDR messages Per-Recipient Journaling Schedule-able OOF Local Continuous Replication Clustered Continuous Replication Message routing based on Active Directory sites No more Administrative Groups! Restore databases to any server Unified messaging (voice mail, faxing, Outlook Voice Access) Per-User Safe Sender and Blocked Sender lists Transport rules (disclaimers, message security, attachment filtering) E-mail Lifecycle Management OWA SharePoint document access Improved message transport security Simplified Exchange Management Console Improved anti-spam features 32KB rules limit gone! Calendar Concierge

  5. The New Exchange Architecture

  6. The Move to 64 Bits • Improved caching • No more 4GB barrier • Can reduce I/O up to 70% • Reduce number of required spindles • Fewer, larger drives to meet requirements • Removes kernel bottlenecks • Paged pool • Non-paged pool • Increases simultaneous connections • Recommended RAM • 2GB + 10MB per user

  7. Why Change the Architecture? • Scalability: support larger mailboxes and a larger number of connected clients • Simplicity: use existing concepts in the underlying Windows operating system • Flexibility: provide more flexibility in deploying and managing Exchange • Trustworthy: protect against attacks, malware, eavesdropping, and tampering

  8. Simplified Deployment • Improved management (see in EX02) • Exchange Management Console • Exchange Management Shell • Administrative model • Role-based deployment • Improved installation process • No more administrative groups • Improved high availability features

  9. Server Roles

  10. Improved Installation Role Based installation aims to reduce management complexity and improve security Servers can be optimized for the roles installed on it Increased availability through load balancing and clustering by roles Management by server roles is more intuitive Install via GUI / Wizard Command line/scriptable Unattended Install (Exchange Management Shell)

  11. Exchange 2007 Server Roles By defining well-described roles, we can: • Remove unnecessary functionality • Reduce the attack surface • Benefit: optimize server performance • Benefit: reduced exposure in the perimeter

  12. Server Roles 1/5 • Edge Transport • Must be on its own separate physical machine • No other roles installed • May be workgroup member or joined to an Active Directory domain • Uses Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) for configuration and recipient information • Perimeter policy enforcement (see EX03) • Message hygiene (see EX04) • Anti-spam • Transport anti-virus • Not Required

  13. Server Roles 2/5 • Client Access Server (CAS) • Supports Outlook Web Access, Exchange ActiveSync, Outlook Anywhere (formerly RPC/HTTPS), POP3 and IMAP4 protocols, Auto-discover, and Web services • At least one CAS in each site and domain where mailbox servers exist • Requires good network connection to mailbox servers • Uses RPC communication to mailbox server • MAPI/RPC clients connects directly to the mailbox servers

  14. Server Roles 3/5 • Hub Transport • Handles message delivery and routing (see EX03) • Applies policies to incoming and outgoing mail (see EX03) • Can handle message hygiene functions • Reduces cost and complexity • Provides more predictable routing • Reduces downtime

  15. Server Roles 4/5 • Mailbox • Responsible for serving mailbox databases and public folders • Mailbox access through MAPI • Possible to require MAPI encryption • Possible to run without public folders • HA options: • Local Continuous Replication (LCR) • Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR) • Single Copy Cluster (SCC)

  16. Server Roles 5/5 • Unified Messaging • Placed in the protected corporate network • Requires that Mailbox and Hub Transport roles exist • Check with your phone vendor to see if their phone system will work with UM server • May require PBX gateway

  17. Network Placement • Edge Transport Server: • Perimeter placement recommended • Should not be a member of corporate AD forest • Perimeter AD forest • Workgroup • Must be connected to a Hub Transport server • Client Access Server: • ISA can publish OWA, RPC over HTTP, and ActiveSync • At least one in every AD site with a mailbox server • Hub Transport: • At least one in every AD site with a mailbox server

  18. Enterprise Topology

  19. Things to Consider • Interdependencies • Mailbox servers require the Hub Transport role for message delivery – even to the same database • The CAS roles provide OWA, ActiveSync, RPC over HTTP, the Availability Service, Auto-discovery, and more • The Edge role requires a Hub Transport server • Fault tolerance • Mailbox servers can only talk to Hub Transport servers in the same Active Directory site • Mailbox servers will talk to Hubs on the same server before other Hubs in the same Active Directory site • For proxy & re-direct scenarios CAS connects to "best" CAS • CAS not the same as FE servers

  20. Changes to Message Routing

  21. Changes to Message Routing • Routing uses Active Directory sites • Hub Transport in one site always attempts direct connect to another site first • When direct relay is not possible, uses automatically established connections based on: • Sites • Site Links • Costs • RGs and RGCs not required • No more link state updates • Automatic configuration of routing topology • Division of services between Hub and Edge

  22. Changes to Message Routing • Hub Transport routing changes significantly • First, select a route • Then, attempt direct delivery along the route • Delay fan-out as long as possible • Delay “bifurcation” or message split • Route selection is simplified and deterministic • Identify least cost route • If multiple routes with same cost, choose one with lowest hop count • If equal sites exist, find last site prior to destination

  23. Routing example

  24. To Edge or Not To Edge Edge servers are optional You can continue to use other perimeter SMTP relays and smart hosts Hub Transport role can receive mail directly from the Internet or send mail directly to the Internet

  25. High Availability

  26. Focus on High Availability Improve data availability Protect mailbox data from failures and corruptions Reduce time required to restore mailbox data Service availability Make mailbox data more available Make cluster failover less painful Make cluster management easier Support for ‘stretch’ or ‘geo-clusters’ Allow large mailboxes inexpensively

  27. High Availability Options • Hub Transport Role • Redundant hardware • Automatically load balanced and redundant with multiple HTs • Edge, Client Access Server and Unified Messaging Roles • Redundant hardware • Windows NLB or third party load balancing • Round robin DNS • DNS MX records (Edge only) • Mailbox Server Role • Replication and clustering • Local Continuous Replication (LCR for single servers) • Clustered Continuous Replication (CCR) • Single Copy Clustering (SCC)

  28. Local Continuous Replication • Additional copy of the logs • On the same server • On a different volume • Benefits • Easy configuration • Single datacenter • Doesn’t require expensive hardware • Online backups • Very quick restoration of service • Drawbacks • Manual activation • Additional storage requirements

  29. LCR Diagrammed Server TransactionLogs Database Copy of Database Copy of TransactionLogs

  30. Clustered Continuous Replication • Benefits • Potentially no single point of failure • Two copies of the data on separate servers • No need for shared storage. • Full redundancy with automatic recovery • Backup mailboxes without disturbing production • Doesn’t require validation for clustered configuration • Drawbacks • Initial database seeding required • Servers must be on same subnet • Transaction logs pulled over SMB shares • Some scenarios required log validation, replay

  31. CCR Caveats • Requires Microsoft Cluster Services • Majority Node Set cluster • Requires a third “voting” node - uses a shared folder • Two-node, Active/Passive only • Backup: • Streaming backup against production storage groups • VSS backup against production and replica storage groups • Limit of one database per storage group • Can be used for PF database if it is the only PF database in the organization

  32. CCR Diagrammed Server 1 Server 2 Database TransactionLogs Replicated TransactionLogs RebuiltDatabase

  33. LCR versus CCR LCR Focused towards resiliency Improve restore time Administrator has to initiate restore manually Single data-center solution Implements log shipping and replay out of the box Log files are copied locally and replayed CCR Targeted towards site resiliency Automatic failovers Single or two-data center solution Supports “stretch” option Implements log shipping and replay out of the box Log files are copied to remote server and replayed Simplifies cluster deployment No SAN or shared storage

  34. Shared Copy Clusters • Requires Microsoft Cluster Services • Benefits • Improved Exchange Cluster setup • Traditional clustering used today • Failovers use the same data copy • Disadvantages • Requires expensive hardware with shared storage • Can be complicated for admins to learn • Doesn’t protect from storage/data issues • Servers must be on same IP subnet • Data redundancy provided through partners

  35. SCC Diagrammed Server 1 Server 2 Shared Storage

  36. Upgrading to Exchange Server 2007

  37. Upgrade Paths • Can upgrade organization from: • Exchange 2000 Server • Exchange Server 2003 • Cannot upgrade org from Exchange 5.5 • No in-place server upgrades • Move all existing mailboxes and services • Consolidate • Most new mailbox features require mailbox to be homed on Exchange 2007 • Many new features require Outlook 2007

  38. Keeping Older Exchange Versions • Exchange 2000 • Microsoft Mobile Information Server • Instant Messaging Service • Exchange Chat Service • Exchange 2000 Conferencing Server • Key Management Service • cc:Mail Connector • MS Mail Connector • Exchange 2003 • Novell GroupWise Connector • Public folder access over OWA

  39. Extending Exchange 2007 • Agent API • Transport agents • Managed code • Management API • Built on Exchange Management Shell • Complete access to all functionality • Scripts can integrate .NET objects • Can be called from managed code • Web Services API • Consistent remote interface into the store • Replaces WebDAV

  40. De-emphasized APIs

  41. Cut APIs

  42. Infrastructure Requirements • Schema Master DC requires Windows 2003 SP1 • GCs used by Exchange 2007 require Windows 2003 SP1 • AD domain functional level must be Windows 2000 native or higher for: • Each domain that will host Exchange 2007 servers • Each domain that will host mail-enabled users • Multi forest topologies and forest trusts • Minimum forest functional level is Windows Server 2003. • No Exchange Server 5.5 servers in the organization; organization must be in native mode • DNS is correctly configured for the Active Directory forest • Active Directory is prepared • Note: WINS is no longer required

  43. The Typical Upgrade • Prepare Active Directory • Deploy Edge Transport servers - Optional • Deploy CAS servers • Deploy Hub Transport servers • Deploy Mailbox servers • Move resources from Exchange 2000/2003 servers • Uninstall Exchange 2000/2003 servers from the Exchange organization • Remove connectors between RGs • Remove RGs

  44. Summary • 64 bit architecture provides scalability and consolidation wins • Improved installation with role-based deployment • More High Availability options • Closer integration with Windows and Active Directory for consistent, flexible administration • New and improved management tools

  45. For more information • Visit TechNet • http://www.microsoft.com/technet • Visit the Exchange 2007 home page • http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/preview/default.mspx • Get signed up for Beta 2! • Exchange Team blog • http://msexchangeteam.com • Exchange 2007 Documentation • http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69434 • Requirements • http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/exchange/2007/productevaluation/sysreqs.mspx

  46. Questions?

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