1 / 22

西方文明史

西方文明史. 第十六講：　 航海、遊歷  . 劉　慧　　教授. 【 本著作除另有註明外，採取 創用 CC 「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享 」 臺 灣 3.0 版 授權釋出 】. EDWARD III 1327-77. Edward Prince of Wales. Lionel duke of Clarence. John duke of Lancaster. Edmund duke of York. Thomas duke of Gloucester. Richard earl of Cambridge. HENRY IV 1399-1413.

pleasance
Télécharger la présentation

西方文明史

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 西方文明史 第十六講：　航海、遊歷   劉　慧　　教授 【本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」臺灣3.0版授權釋出】

  2. EDWARD III1327-77 • Edward Prince of Wales • Lionel duke of Clarence • John duke of Lancaster • Edmund duke of York • Thomas duke of Gloucester • Richard earl of Cambridge • HENRY IV1399-1413 • John Beaufort earl of Somerset • Philippa • RICHARD II1377-99 • Richard duke of York • HENRY V1413-22 • Roger Mortimer earl of March • John duke of Somerset • HENRY VI1422-61, 70-71 • Margaret Beaufort • Anne • Edmund Mortimer • Edward • HENRY VII1485-1509 • Richard duke of York • EDWARD IV1461-70, 71-83 • RICHARD III1483-85

  3. The Age of Exploration and Its Medieval Foundations in 11-14th c • Geographical expansion • The Levant, Poland, the eastern Baltic littoral, Scandinavia, Scotland, Wales, Iberia • Institutions • Agricultural practice, town organization, guilds, university, international religions order – exportable and adaptable units • Techniques • Sugar plantation, cattle ranching, fur trade, mining, fishing • Credit system, bookkeeping, partnership, monopoly, chartered company • Navigation • Pax Mongolia • John of Monte Corvino, first Catholic archbishop of Peking, appointed by Pope Clement V in 1307 • Jordan of Séverac, first Catholic bishop of Quilon from 1329 • The 15th c: gold, God and glory

  4. Eastern/Central (/Northern) Europe: the German Eastward expansion • Italian Peninsula • Iberian Peninsula: Aragon and Portugal • ‘Here, there be monsters’

  5. The German eastward expansion • 10th c conversion of Bohemia • 10th c Polish prince married Bohemian princess • Late 10th c: Hungary became Christian • Ostsiedlung • Brandenburg; Poland, Bohemia • Prussia, the eastern Baltic littoral (Lithuania) • In the country (large-scale grain cultivation)/in towns • As invaders/ was invited • Germanising/ Slavicized

  6. Italy • Northern Italy: Pippin the Short, Charlemagne, Otto I etc. as King of the Lombards • Cities ruled by bishops; communal movement • 11th c: emperor vs. pope • 1176 the Lombard League won de facto independence • Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Milan, Florence etc – traders, carriers, producers • C. 1270 sailed through the Straits of Gibraltar to the North Sea • Central Italy: Papal States • Southern Italy: Byzantium and Muslim settlements – 1047-70s Norman kingdom of Sicily established – 1194 Henry VI and Frederick II – 1282 Angevin and Aragonese

  7. Iberia • Al-Andalus flourished in the 10th c • The Christian ‘reconquest’ • 1085 Castile took Toledo • The Almoravides and Almohades from North Africa • --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • 1212 Innocent III proclaimed a crusade • 1236 Castile took Cordoba • Merino wool • 1250 Portugal to present extent • Atlantic coast line • 1238 Aragon took Valencia, also Majorca and Minorca • 1137 had united with the county of Barcelona/Catalonia • Sea faring, Sicily • ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • 1492 Granada finally fell

  8. Aragonese expertise in sailing • Annexed Barcelona in 1137; 13th c Majorca, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica; took Naples in 1435 • Ferdinand and Isabella married in 1469 Kingdom of Aragon, 1443

  9. Henry ‘the Navigator’ of Portugal (1394-1460) and the west coast of Africa • Provisioning Italian merchants’ ships • Early 14thc, the Azores Island (1/3 distance) • Late 14thc sugar and wine: Azores and Madeira • Sugar plantation began in the 12th-c Syria, and was spread by the Genoese throughout the Mediterranean islands • Gold and slaves Azores Islands Madeira Islands Canary Islands

  10. The Portuguese and the Spanish 2. 1492 alternative route: underestimation and Christopher Columbus 3. 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas 5. c.1500 a new world 6. 1513 Pacific sighted 7. 1519 Magellan and a ‘southwest passage’: ‘forced’ to circumnavigate the globe 8. 1519-21 Cortes, the Aztec empire1533 Pizarro, the Inca empireMid 16thC governmental control. Silver, farming, sugar 1. 1488 Bartholomew Dias,Cape of Good Hope: race commenced 3. 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas: a line 370 leagues west and south of the Cape Verde Islands 4. 1497 Vasco da Gama: armed commercial embassy

  11. Hereford Mappa Mundi, late 13th c A T-O map

  12. The ‘Psalter Map’ , c. 1260 British Library Additional MS 28681, fol. 9 Diameter of map 90 mm

  13. Jorge de Aguiar's chart of the Mediterranean, Western Europe and African Coast (1492). 1030 × 770 mm

  14. 版權聲明

More Related