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Tsunami Early Warning System: SOPs and Communication Strategies Initiatives by Pakistan Meteorological Department presenter Zahid Rafi Dated: 08 Oct, 2009 Conference on working together for disaster risk reduction. Contents. Mechanism of tsunami generation and propagation

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  1. Tsunami Early Warning System:SOPs and Communication StrategiesInitiatives byPakistan Meteorological DepartmentpresenterZahid RafiDated: 08 Oct, 2009Conference on working together for disaster risk reduction

  2. Contents • Mechanism of tsunami generation and propagation • Pakistan tsunami hazards and risk • Establishment of Seismic Monitoring Network • Development of tsunami warning centers. • End To End tsunami warning and emergency response. • Timeline and SOPs for TWCs. • Tsunami warning systems and support tools

  3. TSUNAMI GENERATION MECHANISM AND PROPAGATION • Large earthquakes along subduction zones in sea can generate tsunami • These subduction zones are along boundaries of tectonic plates • Largest earthquakes have taken place along these subduction zones. • A general criteria for tsunami generation is: M>7.5 Depth < 50km

  4. Tectonic Plates and Subduction zones Well known subduction zone Magnitude > 8.5 Sumatra - Andaman zone

  5. History of tsunami along Indo-Pak Coast line • November 326 BC earthquake near the Indus delta /Kutch region that set off massive sea waves in the Arabian Sea • The arrival of Vascude Gama’s in 1524 coincided with a violent sea quake and tsunami that caused alarm at Debul and Portuguese port. • 16 June 1819 Rann of Kuchch earthquake M 7.7, A tsunami from Arabian sea Surged across the Rann of Kuch. • 1845 June 19, India, Kutch. “The sea rolled up the Koree • In Arabian Sea Magnitude 8.2 earthquake (Makran Earthquake (1945)caused a tsunami along coastal areas of Pakistan and India. Over 4000 deaths estimated

  6. Up Gradation and StrengtheningofSeismic Monitoring Network:A basic ComponentforTsunami Early Warning System

  7. Communication System

  8. Projects for StrengtheningofTsunami Early Warning SystemSupported by UNESCO/IOC

  9. Project Details • Three Tide Gauge Systems for Ormara, Gwadar and Keti Bandar • Satellite Communication System for data transmission • Establishment of Broadcast Centre for Mass Media at PMD Islamabad. • Data Acquisition and Analysis System at central station Karachi. • Development of Area Specific Tsunami propagation and inundation model. • Soft Component: Tsunami and coast disaster risk reduction and preparedness at the community level.

  10. Tsunami Hazard Map for PakistanSupported by Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC), Japan Objectives: Preparation of Tsunami Hazard Map Community Risk Awareness program To enhance the capacity to train local experts. To identify the problems and improve the tsunami warning system

  11. SeisComP3 SystemGlobal: Earthquake: Monitoring: Processing: Analysis

  12. Map Showing Locations of Seismic Stations

  13. Real Time Wave-form Data

  14. GUITAR(Decision Making Tool)

  15. Strategy: Standard Operating Procedure forIssuance of Tsunami warning

  16. NATIONAL SEISMIC MONITORING AND TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES REGIONAL/ LOCAL TSUNAMI

  17. Contd…

  18. Earthquake & Tsunami Disaster in Pakistan(A Research Study)

  19. Pab & Ornach faults Kirther Ranges Allah Band Extended portion of compression zone Murray Ridge The study area was divided into 19 zones in which 1 to 15 are seismic zones, 16 to 18 are faults zones and zone 19 is exclusively for Rann of Kachch (Allah Band fault) Makran Subduction zone

  20. Seismotectonic of the study area Murray Ridge

  21. MAXIMUM TSUNAMI HEIGHTS ALONG the COAST

  22. Height (m) Time (S)

  23. Height (m) Time (S)

  24. Height (m) Time (S)

  25. Height (m) Time (S)

  26. Tsunami Time Line Map

  27. Travel Times & Heights

  28. Thank you

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