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Chapter 4.2

THE OLD KINGDOM. Chapter 4.2. YouTube : The Old Kingdom. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSKBOilYBiY&sns=em. The Old Kingdom. Egypt was first made of two kingdoms Upper and Lower Upper-Southern Nile River Valley Lower-Northern Delta Menes was king of Upper Egypt

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Chapter 4.2

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  1. THE OLD KINGDOM Chapter 4.2

  2. YouTube: The Old Kingdom • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSKBOilYBiY&sns=em

  3. The Old Kingdom • Egypt was first made of two kingdoms • Upper and Lower • Upper-Southern Nile River Valley • Lower-Northern Delta • Menes was king of Upper Egypt • He led his army from the Southern Valley into Lower Egypt • Conquered the Lower Kingdom and married a princess

  4. The Old Kingdom • His marriage united the kingdoms • He wore two crowns, the Upper and Lower crowns • High White one from the south (Upper) • Low red one from the north (Lower) • Menes declared a new capital of Egypt in Memphis • Border city

  5. The Double Crown

  6. Map

  7. Old Kingdom • 2600 BCE, the Old Kingdom arose (500 years) • Cities were centers of religion and government • City centers housed Kings, priests, government officials, and artisans • Many Egyptians did not live in the city, but large estates on the Nile banks. • Rich owners had gardens and pools

  8. Home of the Rich • The homes had many paintings depicting daily life • Family, servants and artisans lived there • Artisan were hired to build boats, weave linen, and make tools/pottery

  9. Egyptian Farmers • Most Egyptians did not live in the center of the city or on the banks of the Nile. • Most lived on the rich estates as farmers • Homes made of reed and mud, and later sun-baked brick. • Had one room, palm leave roof and built on high ground to avoid flood waters • Worked fields, built monuments, dug ditches, and repaired roads

  10. The Pharaoh • Pharaoh is a king • Meaning “great house” • Pharaoh was ruler, priest, and a god • Center of life and ruled on earth as god’s ruled in heaven • Owned all land, often gave as a gift to the rich • Maintained the land, kept up with it to make sure it could produce

  11. The Pharaoh • Made sure canals were made and repaired • Developed granaries to house the grain so people would not starve if a bad harvest • Elected all officials • Taxed and issued building permits, trade went through Pharaoh first • Word of Pharaoh was law

  12. The Pharaoh • People believed fate of Egypt depended on Pharaoh’s actions • Carried out rituals to ensure good harvest • Treated with respect, flutes were played when he appeared • Bowed and smelled the earth, or brought head to ground

  13. YouTube Video: The Pyramids • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycUbkjfW1Xc&sns=em

  14. The Pyramids • Pyramids were built out of respect for the Pharaoh’s. • Pyramids were great tombs built for Pharaoh’s as “Houses of Eternity” • Built in west to avoid flood waters • Built to protect Pharaoh and his belongings • EVERYTHING was placed in tomb

  15. The Pyramids

  16. Making the Pyramids • Farmers worked on them for the 3 summer months (flooded fields) • Used copper tools to cut granite and limestone blocks that were shipped down the Nile from the quarries • After unloaded workers brought them to building site and dragged the blocks up ramps to create the layers

  17. YouTube Video: Making the Pyramids • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CpjMxXG52s

  18. Making the Pyramids

  19. Religious Beliefs • Believed in many god’s • River God Hapi and Sun God Re were most important • River brought water and fertile soil and sun grows crops • Osiris is god of harvest and eternal life

  20. The God: Re (Sun God)

  21. The God: Hapi (River God)

  22. The God’s: Osiris (God of Harvest)

  23. Mummification • Egyptians used the technique of embalmment to preserve the bodies of the dead. • First only used with Pharaoh to preserve the body so the soul could live on and watch over Egypt • Body placed in wood box and covered with natron • Natron dried up water in body and shrunk it

  24. Mummification • Body was wrapped in linen • Poor people were buried in sand, while rich in tombs

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