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The Enlightenment: Age of Reason and Social Reform

Explore the intellectual and philosophical movement of the Enlightenment in the 18th century, also known as the Age of Reason. Discover how thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Hume, Kant, and Franklin challenged authority, sought rational explanations for beliefs, and advocated for social reform. Uncover the themes of clarity of thought, curiosity, objectivity, rationality, and the power of the human intellect. Learn about the impact of the Enlightenment on art, literature, and society.

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The Enlightenment: Age of Reason and Social Reform

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  1. TheENLIGHTENMENT 18TH CENTURY

  2. AKA The Enlightenment The Age of Reason Aufklarung Enlightenment (political, philosophical) Neoclassicism (artistic & literary)

  3. TIMES & PLACES France (Voltaire, Rousseau) England (Locke, Hume) Germany (Kant, Lessing) America (Franklin, Jefferson)

  4. TRACKING Renaissance  rediscovery & increase in knowledge Scientific Revolution  reason, logic laws, rules, principles Enlightenment Age of Reason

  5. REACTION TO Intricacy Boldness Obscurity Extravagance of late Renaissance

  6. TRAITS & THEMES cast off fears & superstitions of Medieval Age search for natural laws that governed the universe examine rational basis for all beliefs question/challenge authority of Church & State conservatism

  7. TRAITS & THEMES Power of the HUMAN INTELLECT to understand, to grasp the laws of the universe

  8. TRAITS & THEMES Clarity of thought Dare to know “Sapere aude” (I. Kant) dare to be wise curiosity Objectivity, Rationality  social reform  standardization of language Social contract Natural Law vs. Divine Right

  9. TRAITS & THEMES Style – Simplicity Clarity of thought Restraint Regularity Good sense Decorum Sympathy COMMON SENSE

  10. COMMON SENSE consensus (not private) public knowledge vs. private inspiration universal truths “common” for the common reader in common language for common good

  11. SATIRE public, not private social concern corrective reason itself can be target (Swift) like Christianity concerned with/focuses on corruption sought reform, improvement replacement of Christianity

  12. GOD Rational Reasonable His Universe (Creation) rational & benevolent orderly system  HE, too, = rational & benevolent Morality social obligation SYMPATHY (empathy) defined in social terms, not spiritual

  13. DEISM Based on DEDUCTION Nature = proof of God Creation presupposes a Creator Harmonious universe = rational, benevolent God Order, reasonableness of nature = God Touch TV show

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