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Announcements 1/26/11

Announcements 1/26/11. Prayer Please do this “Quick Writing” assignment while you’re waiting for class to start:

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Announcements 1/26/11

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  1. Announcements 1/26/11 • Prayer • Please do this “Quick Writing” assignment while you’re waiting for class to start: Ralph is confused because he knows that when you compress gases, they tend to heat up (think of a bicycle pump nozzle getting hotter as you force the gas from the pump to the tire). So, how are “isothermal” processes possible? How can you compress a gas without its temperature increasing?

  2. Demo • Constant volume change, aka “alcohol rocket”

  3. Thought question • How will the temperature of the gas change during this process from A to B? • Increase • Decrease • First increase, then decrease • First decrease, then increase • Stay the same

  4. Reading quiz • What is “CV”? • heat capacity • mass-pacity • molar heat capacity • molar heat capacity, but only for constant volume changes • your “curriculum vitae”, a detailed resumé

  5. Thought question • Which will be larger, the molar heat capacity for constant volume changes or the molar heat capacity for constant pressure changes? (Hint: Think of the First Law.) • constant volume • constant pressure • they are the same • it depends on the temperature

  6. CV and CP • Constant volume change (monatomic): W = 0 Eint = Qadded (3/2)nRT = Qadded Compare to definition of C: Qadded = nCVDT CV = (3/2)R (monatomic) • Constant pressure change • What’s different? • result: CP = (5/2)R (monatomic) • What would be different for gases with more degrees of freedom?

  7. Reading quiz (graded) • What does gamma equal in the equation for an adiabatic process: • CP + CV • CP - CV • CV - CP • CV / CP • CP / CV

  8. Isothermal vs Adiabatic • Isothermal: • Adiabatic:  steeper curves for adiabatic

  9. Thought question • How much do you think the temperature of the air in this room would change by if I compressed it adiabatically by a factor of 10? (Vf = V0/10) • less than 0.1 degree C • about 0.1 degrees C • about 1 degree C • about 10 degrees C • more than 10 degrees C

  10. Demo/Video • Demo: freeze spray • Video: adiabatic expansion • Demo: adiabatic cotton burner

  11. Derivation of PVg (for Monatomic) Eint = Qadded + Won (3/2) nRT = - PdV (3/2) nRdT = -PdV (3/2) nR d(PV/nR) = -PdV (3/2) (PdV + VdP) = -PdV (3/2) VdP = -(5/2) PdV dP/P = -(5/3) dV/V lnP = (-5/3)lnV + constant lnP = ln(V-5/3) + constant P = constant  V-5/3 (it’s a different constant) P V5/3 = constant What’s different if diatomic?

  12. Thought question • Which of the curves on the PV diagram below is most likely to represent an isothermal compression, followed by an adiabatic expansion back to the initial volume?

  13. Thought questions • What would be the molar specific heat for an adiabatic process? (Hint: think of Q = nCDT.) • CV • CV + R • CV + 2R • CV - R • none of the above • What would be the molar specific heat for an isothermal process? (Same hint.) • CV • CV + R • CV + 2R • CV - R • none of the above

  14. Water/steam “saturation curve”: ideal gas?

  15. Water/steam “saturation curve”: ideal gas?

  16. Water/steam “saturation curve”: ideal gas?

  17. Water/steam “saturation curve”: ideal gas?

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