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Introduction to Camellias

Introduction to Camellias. C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes. C. sasanqua ‘Enishi’. C. sasanqua ‘French Vanilla’. Yuri Panchul February, 2013 http://panchul.com http://sazanka.org. Genus Camellia. Family Theaceae Three systems of taxonomy J. Robert Sealy, 1958 12 sections, 82 species

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Introduction to Camellias

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  1. Introduction to Camellias C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes C. sasanqua ‘Enishi’ C. sasanqua ‘French Vanilla’ Yuri Panchul February, 2013 http://panchul.com http://sazanka.org

  2. Genus Camellia • Family Theaceae • Three systems of taxonomy • J. Robert Sealy, 1958 • 12 sections, 82 species • Chang Hung Ta, 1981 • 4 subgenera, 22 sections, 280 species • Ming Tien-lu, 2000 • 2 subgenera, 14 sections, 119 species

  3. Wild species distribution

  4. Species overview • Main decorative species • Most popular - C. japonica • Fall-flowering, sun-tolerant - C. sasanqua • Largest flowers - C. retuculata • Tea camellia – C. sinensis • Oil camellia – C. oleifera • Golden camellia – C. chrysanta • Everblooming camellia – C. azalea

  5. Camellia japonica • Originated in Japan • Japanese name Tsubaki • Wild form - red • Shadow loving • Many thousand cultivars • Many formal doubles • Flowers January – March • Problem with Petal Blight Camellia japonica ‘Glen 40’ / ‘Coquettii’

  6. Camellia sasanqua • Originated in Japan • Japanese name Sazanka • Wild form – white • Sun-tolerant • Less formal • Free-flowering • Flowers September-December Camellia sasanqua ‘Asakura’

  7. Flower forms • Single • Semi-double • Anemone • Peony or informal double • Rose-form double • Formal double

  8. Single japonica – Kamo Honnami

  9. Single sasanquaTrue red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’

  10. Single sasanquaTrue red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’

  11. Semi-double japonica – Masayoshiwith viral variegation

  12. Semi-double hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes’with genetic varigation

  13. Two sasanquas – single Narumigataand informal double White Doves

  14. Rose-form double: dwarf C. sasanqua ‘Dwarf Shishi’ by ToichiDomoto

  15. Formal double C. japonica ‘Desire’

  16. Anemone C. japonica (‘Elegans’ group)

  17. Anemone C. sasanqua ‘ChojiGuruma’

  18. Wild species: Camellia grijsii

  19. New rose-form double from China:C. grijsii ‘Zhenzhucha‘

  20. Small leaves: Camellia puniceiflora

  21. Tea tree - Camellia sinensis

  22. Ancient History - Japan • First mention - red japonica • 1st century AD • A province of Kyushyu Island • A governor used camellia club in a battle • First white japonica • 7th century AD • Presented to Emperor Temmu • Became popular in 14th century • Muromachi period • Traditional Japanese garden

  23. Camellias in the World • China – the origin of genus Camellia • C. reticulata near Buddhist Monasteries • Europe • Dates of arrival vary from 1550 to 1730 • Linnaeus named the genus after George Kamel • Greatest popularity – Victorian England • Australia and New Zealand • E.G.Waterhouse, Paradise Plants nursery

  24. The Huntington Botanical Gardens • San Marino, California • Place to visit • Large mature collection • Classic garden • Species garden • Japanese garden • Chinese garden • Bonsai

  25. A flower from Huntington

  26. Nursery and hybridizers– Nuccio’s Nurseries in Altadena, California

  27. Tom Nuccio at Filoli Garden

  28. Small leaves:C. sasanqua ‘Jewel Box’ by Nuccios

  29. Short internodes: C. sasanqua ‘SasanquaCompacta’ from Nuccio

  30. Silvery leaves: C. sasanqua ‘Silverado’ from Nuccio’s

  31. John Wang, a hybridizer from Bay Area

  32. Bob Erhart’s garden in Walnut Creek

  33. Bob Erhart’s garden

  34. Bob Erhart’s garden - seedlings

  35. Camellia seeds (C. checkiangoleosa)

  36. Y.C. Shen – Camellia book author living in the Bay Area

  37. Y.C. Shen book

  38. Dan Charvet, Heartwood NurseryFort Bragg, California

  39. Yuri Panchul’s Seedling #0011

  40. Gallo Winery, Modesto, California

  41. BonsaiGardenat Lake MerrittOaklandCalifornia Camellia x vernalis ‘Yuletide’

  42. Recommendations about culture • Sun in California • 70% shade for C. japonica • 30% shade for C. sasanqua • Sasanqua may tolerate from 0% shade to 80% shade • Watering 2-3 times a week during summer • Once a week during winter • Temperature – not a problem in California • Japonica is generally hardy down to 15 °F (-10 °C) • Pruning is optional • With proper culture, insects and diseases are rarely a problem • Petal blight is an exception

  43. Fertilization for the ground • Any form of nitrogen • Ammonium sulphate, synthetic urea • Blood meal, Chicken manure • Water two days before and immediately after fertilization • Phosphorus, Potassium, microelements are not recommended – our California soil already has plenty of them • One application in March maybe enough • Second application in July is optional • But watch for heat waves – do not fertilize during hot weather

  44. Fertilization for the container • Before each burst of growth • April 15 and 4th of July • Liquid Camellia fertilizer at half-recommended strength • Water two days before fertilizing • Plant should not be water-stressed • Osmocote is not recommended – may quickly release during hot weather • Cottonseed meal (3:2:1) is a viable alternative

  45. Recommended container soil mix • Equal parts of peat moss, perlite and “Camellia & Azalea mix” from the store • Watering 2-3 times a week on summer • once a week during winter • Why not just a store mix? • Too heavy = root rot • Why not just peat moss and perlite? • Once dry it difficult to make moist again • Why not just a store mix and perlite? • Not acid enough, may contribute to chrolosis

  46. Thank you!

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