Launch List

1. Launch List • 1. Where was the first shot fired of the civil war? • 2. Where did the surrender take place? • 3. Who took over for Lincoln as President?

2. Morrill Land Grant Act (1861) • Provided for the sale of public lands in each state. • Profits went to fund colleges to teach the agricultural and mechanical arts.

3. Homestead Act (1862) • “They’re just givin’ away free land!” • Allowed anyone to file for a quarter-section of free land (160 acres). • The land was yours at the end of five years if you had built a house on it, dug a well, broken (plowed) 10 acres, fenced a specified amount, and actually lived there.

4. Pacific Railroad Act (1862) • “to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes,"

5. Pacific Railroad Act (1862) • Authorizes 2 Union companies he “Union Pacific” and the “Central Pacific” companies to build a transcontinental railroad • From 1862-1871 the railroads received more than 175 million acres (708,000 km²) of public land - an area more than one tenth of the whole United States and larger than Texas.

6. National Bank Acts (1862) • Lincoln was concerned with financing the war so he proposed a system of national banks authorized to issue national bank notes fully backed by federal bonds.  • The system would provide a uniform national currency and would bring banks that entered it under federal control.

7. "A Good 'Ole Rebel“ Major Innes Randolph, C.S.A.

8. Oh, I’m a good ‘old rebelNow that’s just what I am‘N for this Yankee nation,I do not give a damnI’m glad I fought agin’ herI only wish we’d wonI ain’t asked any pardonFor anything I’ve done.

9. I hates the Yankee nationAnd everything they doI hates the DeclarationOf Independence, tooI hates the glorious Union‘Tis dripping with our bloodI hates their strip’ed bannerI fit it all I could.

10. I rode with Robert E. LeeFor three years, thereaboutGot wounded in four placesAnd I starved at Point LookoutI catched the rheumatismA-campin’ in the snowBut I killed a chance of Yankees And I’d like to kill some more.

11. Three hundred thousand YankeesA-stiff in Southern dustWe got three hundred thousandBefore they conquered usThey died of Southern feverAnd Southern steel and shotI wish they were three millionInstead of what we got!

12. I can’t take up my musketAnd fight ‘em now no moreBut I ain’t gonna love ‘emNow that is certain sureAnd I don’t want no pardonFor what I was and amI won’t be reconstructedAnd I do not give a damn!..

13. Oh, I’m a good ‘old rebelNow that’s just what I am‘N for this Yankee nation,I do not give a damnI’m glad I fought agin’ herI only wish we’d wonI ain’t asked any pardonFor anything I’ve done.

14. I ain’t asked any pardon,For anything I’ve done!!

15. Lyrics Written by:Major Innes Randolph, C. S. A.(1865)

16. Sung by:Hoyt AxtonFrom“Songs of the Civil War”(Columbia Records)

20. 1. R E C O N S T R U C T I O N • Reconstruction: 1865 and 1877 • Federal Government programs carried out to repair the damage to the South and restore the southern states to the Union.

21. 1. R E C O N S T R U C T I O N • ISSUES: • Freedmen(freed slaves) were starting out their new lives in a poor region with slow economic activity. • Plantation owners lost slave labor worth $3 billion. (4 million freed slaves) • Poor white Southerners could not find work because of new job competition fromFreedmen. • South totally destroyed: • The war had destroyed two thirds of the South’s shipping industry and about 9,000 miles of railroad.

23. South after war 1

24. 2. LINCOLN'S 2ND INAUGURAL SPEECH Lincoln’s speech “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we Lincoln aimed to take it easy on the south. No Malice = No revenge. are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds….to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”

26. 3. Competing Notions of Freedom • Southern Whites- Want freedom from tyrannical North • Blacks- Want freedom. • Voting Rights • Economic Freedom- (land, jobs, education)

27. President Andrew Johnson • Jacksonian Democrat. (Lincoln was a Rep.) • White Supremacist. • Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union. “Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”-AJ

28. 4. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) • Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except: Confederate military officers • New state constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions rejecting slavery, secession and state debts.

29. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) 1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates. 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. EFFECTS? 3. Northern Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

30. Growing Northern Alarm! • Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum (10%) requirements. • Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. • Revival of southern defiance. BLACK CODES

31. 5. BLACK CODES • Similar to Slave Codes. • Restricted the freedom of movement. • Limited rights of free people.

32. BLACK CODES • As southern states were restored to the Union under President Johnson’s plan, they began to enact black codes, laws that restricted freedmen’s rights. • The black codes established virtual slavery with provisions such as these: • Curfews: Generally, black people could not gather after sunset. • Vagrancy laws: Freedmen convicted of vagrancy– that is, not working– could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor. • Labor contracts: Freedmen had to sign agreements in January for a year of work. Those who quit in the middle of a contract often lost all the wages they had earned. • Land restrictions: Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. This restriction forced them to live on plantations.

33. Plans compared 6. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Recon. Act of 1867 (Harsher than AJ ) • Amnesty : Presidential pardon • oath of allegiance---50% • high ranking Confederate officials • loose voting rights if you don’t sign oath • Write new state Constitutions • Ratify: 13, 14 & 15 Amendments • reject secession and state’s rights • submit to U.S. Government authority • Help for Freedmen • Freedmen’s Bureau for education • 40 acres and a mule • Divide the South into 5 military districts to enforce

34. Radical Republicans 7. RADICAL REPUBLICANS Thaddeus Stevens Charles Summner • Wanted to the see the South punished. • Advocated help for Freedmen: • Political Voting rights • Social  Schools • Economic Equality Land, jobs (40 acres and a mule)

35. RADICAL REPUBLICANS Charles Summner Thaddeus Stevens • Would go after President Johnson through the impeachment process after he vetoes the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

36. Quotes of Radicals RADICAL REPUBLICANS Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, 1866 “Strip a proud nobility of their bloated estates, send them forth to labor and you will thus humble the proud traitors.” Thaddeus Stevens, in Congress, 1867 “I am for Negro suffrage in every rebel state. If it be just, it should not be denied: if it be necessary, it should be adopted: if it be a punishment of traitors, they deserve it.”

37. One former Confederate Was amazed to see a government which was intent on killing us………now generously feeding our poor and distressed…….

38. 8. “Lost Cause” • Romantic Idea in the south, that the Civil war was a cause worth fighting for. • “Second war of independence” • War of Southern Rights

39. Mississippi Governor, 1866: “The Negro is free” “Whether we like it or not; we must realize that fact now and forever. To be free, however, does not make him a citizen or entitle him to social or political equality with the white man.”

40. 9. FREEDMEN'S BUREAU Freedman’s Bureau 1865: help former slaves get a new start in life. This was the first major relief agency in United States history. Bureau’s Accomplishments • Built thousands of schools to educate Blacks. • Former slaves rushed to get an education for themselves and their children. • Education was difficult and dangerous to gain. • Southerners hated the idea that Freedmen would go to school.

41. Freedmen’s Bureau 2

43. Freedmen’s Bureau 3

44. Freedmen’s Bureau 4

45. Freedmen’s Bureau 5

46. Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

49. 10. Carpetbaggers • Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats, Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.