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ORGANIC & INORGANIC. HISTORY. The name Organic Chemistry came from the word “organism” .
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ORGANIC & INORGANIC
The name Organic Chemistry came from the word “organism”. In 1800 century all organic compounds had been obtained from organism or their remains. That’s why the scientific philosophy back then was that the synthesis of organic compounds could only be produced within living matter while inorganic compounds were synthesized from non-living matter. A theory known as "Vitalism"stated that a "vital force" from living organisms was necessary to make an organic compound.
Friedrich Wohler • German Chemist who discredited the “vital force” theory. • In 1828 he heated an inorganic salt called ammonium cyanate and produced UREA. • It is normally found in blood and urine, was unquestionably organic. • But it comes from an inorganic source w/c is ammonium cyanate. • His success prompted other chemist to attempt to synthesized organic compounds. • Like in 1956 William Henry Perkin accidentally discovered organic dye. • Othmer Zeidler in 1942 discovered insecticide DDT
Wohler’s Urea Synthesis : H O H Heat║ NH4 NCO H N C N H Ammonium Urea cyanate
Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds.
Organic Compounds are COMPOUNDS composed of carbon. and can possibly contain any of the other elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and halogens.
Inorganic Chemistry The study of the chemistry of all the elements in the periodic table except for carbon.
Inorganic Compounds are compounds made out of other elements except for carbon, and they are usually ionically bonded compound. Composed mainly of Metal and Nonmetal elements.
Formation of Oil • Many hundred million years ago the processes which created the underground oil and gas fields began. • Oil and natural gas come from a variety of mainly sea based living organisms (like plankton), as well as some plant material, which was trapped in sands on the bottom of early seas or inland lakes. • Over time, this buried material was transformed into the substance we know today as oil. • That is why oil is termed fossil fuel. • The sands and rocks in which the oil is situated are porous and the oil could move through tiny holes and cracks and form pools where there were large enough spaces in the rock layers. • The oil trapped here and, as the earth was going through its formation process, was subject to much pressure and heat.
Exploration – The search for oil : • The first step is to find where the oil is deposited underground. • The most common method used to find oil today is seismology. • This is a technique, which makes use of sound and the way sound "bounces" off different types of rocks, much the same way as an echo. • Geologists identify likely areas to prospect, making use of their knowledge of the rocks and soil in the area. • With the seismic techniques and using modern computers they can create three-dimensional pictures of what the underlying rock formations are like and where there is likely to be oil.
Next - Oil Field Development : • An exploration well, is drilled to see if there really is oil. • If oil is struck, further holes are drilled to establish the size of the oil pool. • Oil wells are usually between one and five kilometers deep, but sometimes go down as far as eight kilometers. • Once the wells are in place the pressure under which the oil has been trapped, helps force the oil out of the well. • Oil from the wells is treated with chemicals and heat to remove water and solids. • The oil is then pumped into storage tanks at a gathering station. • From there it is pumped to either a refinery or to a harbor where it is loaded onto the enormous oil tankers for shipment to a refinery elsewhere.
Hydrocarbons - are the simplest organic compounds that Contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, they can be straight-chain, branched chain, or cyclic molecules.
SATURATED ALKANES ALIPHATIC ALKENES HYDROCARBON UNSATURATED ALKYNES AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AROMATIC HYROCARBON DERIVATIVE
Saturated Hydrocarbon - or simply ALKANE are organic compound that have single bonds between the carbon atoms, it’s typical characteristics is manifested in it’s structure, wherein hydrogen molecules are fully complemented in it’s structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon refers to the fact that each of the carbons bonds aren’t with 4 separate molecules, but can instead have double, triple or aromatic ring in their structure.
