Nuclear Safety & Security Culture in Pakistan

1. Nuclear Safety & Security Culture in Pakistan Mr. Mohammad Anwar Habib Chairman Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

2. Scheme of Presentation • PNRA (Introduction) • Regulatory Framework • Core Functions • Legal Framework • Safety and Security Culture • Present Activities • Challenges • Conclusion

3. PNRA • Our Vision: To become a world class regulatory body with highly trained, competent and dedicated personnel with a zeal to foster a positive safety culture in their licensees and to regulate nuclear safety to protect the public, the workers and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation and in a manner that wins the confidence of all the stakeholders • Our Mission: To ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities and to protect the radiation workers, general public and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation by formulating and implementing effective regulations and building a relationship of trust with the licensee and maintain transparency in actions and decisions taken by the regulatory authority.

4. Ordinance • Issued by the Government of Pakistan • presents basic objectives, concepts and principles of nuclear and radiation safety and protection for the regulation of nuclear energy Regulatory Framework Regulations • issued by PNRA • specify the basic requirements that must be fulfilled to ensure safety but do not contain recommendations on how to meet the requirements Codes and Standards Regulatory Guides • issued by PNRA, of a non-mandatory nature • recommend actions, conditions or procedures for meeting safety requirements • Issued by national and international organizations e.g. IEEE, ASME etc. • recommend standard set of criteria or acceptance values for achieving

5. Core Functions

6. Legal Framework

7. Conceptof Nuclear Safety 7. 6. Secondary to Tertiary 4. Containment 5. Primary to Secondary

8. Concept of Radiation Safety Shielding Time Distance To protect man from the harmful effects of radiation

9. Concept of Nuclear Security Detection Barrier/Delay Adversary or Intruder Response To protect the facility from the deliberate actions

10. Integration of Safety and Security Public Workers Environment Prevention Prevention Protection Control Deterrence Mitigation Potential hazards from site and operational malfunctions Potential hazards from Malicious acts

11. Shared objectives of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security • The shared objective is to protect people and environment from the potential risk from radioactive material and associated facilities • Both consider and deal with the human behavior which is important for the establishment and enhancement of culture. • Both strive for: • handling the complacency • achieving high standards of honesty and integrity • Establishing an effective management system

12. Cultural Generative Safety & Security is built into the way we work and think Reactive Safety & Security is important we do lots of it after every accident

13. Safety and Security Culture Approach Nuclear Safety Culture Nuclear Security Culture Places an additional emphasis on deliberate acts Immediate response to confirmed or perceived threats/ incidents requiring restriction on communication to authorized persons • Risk of inadvertent human error • Overriding concern for transparency and dialogue leading to sharing of information Safety and security culture coexist and need to reinforce each other because they share the common objective of limiting risk.There will be occasions where there are differences between safety and security requirements. Therefore, an organization in charge of nuclear matters has to foster an approach that integrates safety and security in a mutually supporting manner.

14. Synergy of Safety and Security Culture Safety and security cultures need to reinforce each other and organization has to foster an approach that integrates safety and security in a mutually supporting manner. Organizational Culture Nuclear Safety Culture Nuclear Security Culture

15. Safety Culture • Continuous safety improvement is the organizational goal with eagerness to escalate the safety level step by step all the time • Staff is committed to develop and embed a safety culture in all activities and decisions that recognizes the importance and value of effective safety management and acknowledges that safety is paramount • Each individual adopts the attributes and follow the norms/principles of safety culture to maintain and enhance safety which will ultimately lead to ensure protection of public, worker and environment

16. Nuclear Security Culture • Appropriate Nuclear Security Culture ensures that the implementation of nuclear security measures receive the attention warranted by their significance

17. Role of PNRA in promoting Safety and Security Culture Safety Culture Security Culture

18. Training Courses

19. Nuclear Safety & Security Inspections

20. Public Awareness Program • Lectures delivered at different Universities • Participation of public sector organizations in different lectures and seminars e.g. FBR, MoFA, SPD etc. • Yearly meeting with govt. organizations specially with different regulators of country e.g. PEMRA, NEPRA, OGRA etc.

21. International Seminar on Nuclear Safety and Security Challenges of 21st Century The seminar aimed to provide an opportunity to review the existing practices, identify strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement for safe and secure use of nuclear technology in the country.

22. Present Activities • Effective integration of various stakeholders for achieving a common goal (PNRA, PAEC, SPD, MoFA, Licensee….) • Establishment of a sustain able system for education and training • Capacity building through education, training and awareness of: • Users of Nuclear/ Radiation facilities and their Security staff • Managers/ Policy makers/ Targeted public groups • Provision of latest equipment/ software

23. Present Activities • Enhancement of nuclear safety/ security culture at all level and assessment through PNRA inspections • Exchange of best practices during inspections • Provision of radiation detection equipment at national borders/ ports for combating Illicit Trafficking • Periodic survey of scrap metal facilities to ensure the provision of clean metal to the nation

24. Challenges • A sustainable system for education & training and awareness • Media management during public awareness campaigns • An effective coordination of all agencies/ stakeholders • Handling the lack of reporting culture • Considering human factors for enhancement of safety and security culture.

25. If it matters, it should not happen; If it happens, it should not matter Conclusion 26