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Gramática Unidad 2

Gramática Unidad 2. Avancemos II. Adverbs (adverbios): tell when, where, how, how long, or how much. Many end in “-ly” in English. (p. 94). In Spanish, adverbs can be formed by ending “-mente” to the singular feminine form of an adjective. If the adjective has an accent, so does the adverb.

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Gramática Unidad 2

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  1. GramáticaUnidad 2 • Avancemos II

  2. Adverbs(adverbios): tell when, where, how, how long, or how much.Many end in “-ly” in English. (p. 94) • In Spanish, adverbs can be formed by ending “-mente” to the singular feminine form of an adjective. If the adjective has an accent, so does the adverb. • rápido>rápida: Ricardo corre rápidamente. • Adjectives with one form, just add “-mente”: frecuente: Competimos frecuentemente. fácil: Metimos el gol fácilmente. Completa Act. 4, p. 94

  3. Preterite of –er, -ir verbs, p. 95 COMER (TO EAT) • yo comí • tú comiste • él, ella, Ud. comió • nosotros(as) comimos • vosotros(as)comisteis • ellos, ellas, Uds. comieron

  4. yo escribí tú escribiste él, ella, Ud. escribió nosotros(as) escribimos vosotros(as) escribisteis ellos, ellas, Uds. escribieron Preterite of –er, -ir verbs (cont’d- p. 95) ESCRIBIR (TO WRITE) *-ER & -IR VERBS HAVE THE SAME PRETERITE ENDINGS. *The “nosotros” form of “-ir” verbs (-imos) is the same in the present and in the preterite. Watch for context clues to tell you the tense. Completa Act. 5, p. 96

  5. Demonstrative adjectives (this, these, that, those)- used to point out nouns, p. 100 • Person or item is CLOSE • masculinefeminine este(this) esta(this) estos (these) estas (these)

  6. Demonstrative adjectives (this, these, that, those)- used to point out nouns (cont’d- p. 100) • Person or item is NOT CLOSE • masculinefeminine ese(that) esa(that) esos (those) esas (those)

  7. Demonstrative adjectives (this, these, that, those)- used to point out nouns (cont’d) • Person or item is FAR AWAY (over there) masculinefeminine aquel(that-over there) aquella(that-over there) aquellos (those-over there) aquellas (those-over there)

  8. EXAMPLES • Demonstrative adjectives are placed before the noun and agree with this noun. • ¿Cuánto cuesta este anillo? (How much does this ring cost?) • Ese anillo cuesta diez dólares. (That ring costs 10 dollars.) • Aquel anillo es más barato. (That ring(overthere) is cheaper.

  9. Demonstrative pronouns (this, these, that, those)- used to replace nouns, p. 100 • Person or item is CLOSE • masculinefeminine éste(this one) ésta(this one) éstos (these ones) éstas (these ones) • ¿Cuánto cuesta éste? (How much does this one cost?) (referring to“el anillo”)

  10. Demonstrative pronouns (this, these, that, those)- used to replace nouns (cont’d- p. 100) • Person or item is NOT CLOSE • masculinefeminine ése(that one)ésa(that one) ésos(those ones)ésas(those ones) Ésecuestadiezdólares. (That one costs ten dollars).(referring to “el anillo”)

  11. Demonstrative pronouns (this, these, that, those)- used to replace nouns (cont’d- p. 100) • Person or item is FAR AWAY (over there) masculinefeminine aquél(that one- over there aquélla(that one- over there) aquéllos(those ones- over there) aquéllas(those ones- over there) Aquélesmásbarato. (That one- over there is cheaper.) (referring to “el anillo”) Completa Act. 13, p. 101 (parte “B”) e

  12. PENSAR + INFINITIVE (TO PLAN, TO PLAN ON) (p. 118) • Pienso acostarme temprano esta noche. (I plan to go (on going) to bed early tonight.) ¿Piensa usted visitar el museo? (Are you planning to visit the museum?) Completa Act. 5, p. 118

  13. REFLEXIVE VERBS-DESCRIBE ACTIONS DONE TO OR FOR ONESELF (p. 119) • All reflexive verbs are expressed with a reflexive pronoun. • Attach the reflexive pronoun at the end of an infinitive. • Place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb.

  14. yo me baño tú te bañas él, ella, Ud. se baña nosotros(as) nos bañamos vosotros(as) os bañáis ellos, ellas, Uds. se bañan BAÑARSE(TO TAKE A BATH) ¿A qué hora te despiertas? (placement before conjugated verb) ¿A qué hora te quieres despertar? (placement before conjugated verb) OR ¿A qué hora quieres despertarte? (placement at end of infinitive –attached)

  15. Reflexive verbs (cont’d) • Some verbs are not always reflexive. • Yo despierto a Celia a las siete. (I wake Celia at seven- action not done for oneself.) • Yo me despierto a las siete.(I wake (myself) up at seven. Completa Act. 6, 7, p. 120

  16. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE- USED TO SAY WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW (p. 124) • Use a form of “estar” (to be) with a verb ending in “-ing” (present participle). • To form an “-ing” verb (present participle), drop the end of the infinitive and add “-ando” (-ar verbs) and “-iendo” (-er/-ir verbs) comprar> comprando comer> comiendo escribir>escribiendo

  17. Present progressive (cont’d) • When an “–er” or “–ir” verb stem ends in a vowel, change the “-iendo” to “-yendo”. leer> leyendo creer> creyendo Some “-ir” verbs change vowels. decir> diciendo dormir> durmiendo ir> yendo (rarely used) morir> muriendo (to die)

  18. Present progressive (cont’d) • Pronouns can either be placed before the conjugated form of “estar” or attached to the end of the present participle. If the pronoun is attached to the present participle, you need to add an accent to the stressed vowel. • Me estoy arreglando. OR Estoy arreglándome. • Lo estamos estudiando. OR Estamos estudiándolo. • Pablo nos está explicando la tarea. OR Pablo está explicándonos la tarea. Completa Act. 14, p. 125

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