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CP violation and CKM (Theory)

CP violation and CKM (Theory). Yasuhiro Okada (KEK) July 31, 2006 ICHEP 06, Moscow. CP violation and quark flavor mixing. CP violation was discovered in K L decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery.

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CP violation and CKM (Theory)

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  1. CP violation and CKM (Theory) Yasuhiro Okada (KEK) July 31, 2006 ICHEP 06, Moscow Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  2. CP violation and quark flavor mixing • CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery. • Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  3. In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->dg. • LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects. • There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  4. Plan of this talk • Unitarity triangle and New Physics • B rare decays and B-> tn • Bs mixing and Bs ->mm • Future of flavor physics New experimental results will be covered by other plenary speakers. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  5. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix The CKM matrix is a sole origin of flavor mixing and CP violation in the quark flavor transition processes in the Standard Model. Four parameters: l A r h Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  6. Nuclear b decay K decay B decay Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years. (talks in session 8) The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1 s. A proposal of Vus from t decay (J.Prades) Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry (A.Serebrov). M.Antonelli Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  7. (a) (g) (b) Unitarity triangle Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the angles and lengths of the unitarity triangle. B(K+ -> p+nn) B(K0->p0nn) eK DmBd, DmBs/DmBd, B(B->r(w) g)/B(B->K* g) b->u transition Angle determination f1/b: CP asymmetries in b->ccs modes. f2/a: CP asymmetries in B-> pp, rr,rp. f3/g : CP asymmetriesin B->DK, etc. (2f1+g)/(2b+g): CP asymmetry in B->Dp, etc Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  8. The unitarity triangle: a year ago Already many observable quantities are over-constraining the unitarity triangle. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  9. |Vub|, f3/g Bd mixing and CP asymmetries + Bs mixing and CP asymmetries + + eK and B(K->pnn) Is this enough? Fit from tree level processes Pre-ICHEP 06 Not, to study New Physics effects. In order to disentangle new physics effects, we should first determine CKM parameters by “tree-level” processes. We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics. Improvement of f3/g is essential. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  10. New phase (ex SUSY) CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processes Summer 2005 Time-dependent CP asymmetry (Dominant decay diagrams) B->J/yKs “tree” B->fKs “penguin” Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk “sin 2f1“is the same in the SM Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  11. Recent theoretical calculations on DS= sin(2f1eff)-sin(2f1) • There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries between penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory). • Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B to fKs and h’Ks modes in the Standard Model. QCDF+FSI Cheng-Chua-Soni QCDF Beneke QCDF Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz SCET Williamson-Zupan DS(fKs) DS(h’Ks) DS(p0Ks) Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  12. Rare B decays • There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. • Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables. Inclusive and exclusive b->sg Inclusive and exclusive b->dg Inclusive and exclusive b->sll 1. Direct CP violation in b->sg,dg (New phase) 2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*g, Ksp0g. (Right-handed photon operator) 3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetry in b ->sll. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  13. l+ B q K* l- • Many recent theoretical developments are reported. • Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth) • Inclusive b->uln, b->sg,B->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann) • B->pp,Kp in SCET.(S.Jaeger) • Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*g, Ksp0g. • Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there • are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol) • Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l- • QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) • SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu) A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  14. (Preliminary) b n b n H- W t u u t Tauonic B decay The Belle result of the B ->tn branching ratio. => R.Barlow’s talk This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tanb case Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  15. B(b->tn) vs. B(b->ctn) and B(B->Dtn) B(B->tn) • Related modes are inclusive and exclusive processes on b->ctn . • Inclusive B(b->ctn) was measured at LEP B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) Constraint on “r” in 2HDM. Belle ICHEP06 B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn) LEP Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995 Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  16. Belle B->tn: excluded region (95.5%CL) g t t K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea b H Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC • The parameter region covered • by B decays and the charged Higgs • production overlaps. • If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings. B->tn: H-b-u coupling B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling gb->tH: H-b-t coupling SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality. K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  17. Bs physics This is a year of the Bs mixing. Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (Dms/Dmd~40) Sizable life-time difference: DGs/Gs ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM. If new physics effects induce a CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude: ASL Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/yf (Syf) DG<DG(SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and Syf. Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz Syf Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.Perez Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  18. Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY • Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. • Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions. • Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  19. SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino SUSY GUT and Bs mixing B(t->mg) vs. Dms/Dmd in SUSY GUT SM T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003 B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  20. Particle content of the littlest Higgs model with T parity. ~10 TeV, new strong dynamics ~ 1TeV WH, ZH, fij, T+,T- uH,dH AH ~200 GeV A Higgs boson and SM particles Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model • Little Higgs model : a model with a composite • Higgs boson. • New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top • partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic • divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. • The mass of these particles are around • 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”. • The lightest T-odd particle is a dark matter • candidate. N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002 C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  21. u d VCKM W qH u WH,ZH,AH VHu VHd qH d WH,ZH,AH Flavor signals of T-odd fermions T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz Three flavor mixing matrixes Two are independent. A new flavor mixing matrix can generate various patterns of deviation from the SM. M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  22. b s m m Bs->mm and SUSY • SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b. • Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects The discovery region of a neutral Higgs boson through pp->bf0->bmm at LHC and the discovery region of Bs->mm at Tevatron and LHC overlap. C.Kao and Y.Wang Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  23. Future of Kaon phyiscs A.Ceccuci K0->p0nn M.Doroshenko • K0Lp0 n nKEK E391=> JPARC • JPARC-P14 • K+p+ n n • CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3) • JPARC-P09 • Transverse m polarisation in K+p0 m+ n (T-Violation ) • JPARC-P06 • Other Initiatives: • DANAE (Frascati) • OKA (Protvino) New limit 2.1X10-7 (KEK E391) based on 1/10 of Run I data 65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  24. B physics at LHC Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K*mm measurements, etc. ATLAS T.Sivoklokov LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf CMS U.Langenegger Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  25. Super B factory 5X L(now) 50X L(now) Current Belle+BaBar integrated luminosity: L(now)~1/ab 5/ab 50/ab In many aspects asymmetric B factories are complementary to B physics in hadron machine (unique for neutrino and tau modes) Super KEK LoI Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  26. Pattern of New Physics effects SUSY Large Extra Dimension model Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction. Correlation with other physics observables. 2003 SLAC WS Proceedings Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

  27. Summary • B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results. • Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics. • All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era. Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

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