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Postmodernism

Postmodernism. IMKE Intro 05.09.2006. Last time: Virtual reality. What’s reality? What’s virtual?. Postmodernism. Why on this course? ...has a lot to do with (mass) media ...has a close relation with constructivism ...is anchored to present phenomena

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Postmodernism

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  1. Postmodernism IMKE Intro 05.09.2006

  2. Last time: Virtual reality What’s reality? What’s virtual?

  3. Postmodernism Why on this course? • ...has a lot to do with (mass) media • ...has a close relation with constructivism • ...is anchored to present phenomena • Need to analyse the relation of PM to new media... understanding ongoing discussion

  4. ...modernism • Historically positioned end of 1800 - WW2 • Related to • belief in scientific progress • industrialism • mechanical techno-optimism • economical rise • ”Killed” by WW2

  5. Nature of postmodernism • cultural • philosophical • esthetical • follows European (French!) attitude • reflects social and technologcal changes after WW2, end of 20th century

  6. Postmodernism • Relativism w.r. truth and reality • Constructivism • Analysis of mass-media dominated society • Postmodernity ≈ social and cultural implications of postmodernism.

  7. Walter Benjamin • era of mechanical reproduction. • art has taken on a new meaning and is changing significantly from what it once was

  8. Jean Baudrillard Critic of postmodernism • "hyperreality" - "simulation" • Unreal nature of contemporary culture in an age of mass communication and mass consumption • Starting point: postmodern art - framing reality (to non reality)

  9. Baudrillard: Loss of meaning • Lament the loss of reality in post-modern culture • Simulation has become more and more realistic • Actual meaning replaced by a virtual meaning • Reality has been replaced by simulation • There is no more fiction • Models [simulation, VR...] no longer constitute an imaginary domain with reference to the real • No more fiction

  10. Roland Barthes • ”The writer's language is not expected to represent reality, but to signify it. (Mythologies, 1957)” • Semiotics

  11. Michel Foucault "My role - and that is too emphatic a word - is to show people that they are much freer than they feel, that people accept as truth, as evidence, some themes which have been built up at a certain moment during history, and that this so-called evidence can be criticized and destroyed." - Michel Foucault

  12. Michel Foucault (continued) • Truth ≈ instrument of (media) power • Each society creates a "regime of truth" according to its beliefs, values, and mores. • "Truth," is the construct of the political and economic forces that command the majority of the power within the societal web. • There is no truly universal truth at all; therefore, the intellectual cannot convey universal truth.

  13. Jacques Derrida Deconstruction: • an attempt to open a text (literary, philosophical, or otherwise) to several meanings and interpretations =>multi-perspectivalness

  14. Bruno Latour • Departed from social constructionism • truth is multilayered, unascertainable • ”realistic realism” • critic of technollogy, ”tech dream gone wrong”

  15. More postmodern theorists

  16. Post-Postmodernism? • What will follow postmodernism? • What arguments are there against postmodernism? • Will there be a dominating pattern of thought? • How will interactive bottom-up media and new forms of participation change culture and philosophy? • Etc.

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