Recent state-of-the-art technologies for super speed tube train

1. Recent state-of-the-art technologies for super speed tube train 2010. 10. 29 Korea Railroad Research Institute

2. Contents • BackgroundandNeeds • Concept of Super Speed Train • Expected Effect • History of the Research • Technologies of Other Countries • History of TubeTransportation • Research Results - 2 -

3. Background and Needs(1) • New conceptof transportation • High-capacityenergysupplyextensionby nuclear power • generation • Decentralized energy supply network formation construction by renewable energy (wind power, solar power, etc..) • Paradigm conversion of trafficsystem by high-capacitygenerationfoundationenergysupply method⇒The study forsuper speed traffic network based on electrical energy - 3 -

4. Concept of Tube Train System • Super speed tube train technology is possible super speed movementover 500km/h on ground after train track is wrapped by tube and making a vacuum or partial vacuum for minimizing air resistance • Propulsion method is wheel type, linear motoretc.., many systems are possible • Tube diameter is4.5~10m, transport velocity is400 ~1,000km/h • An aerodynamics design technique is demanded for a maintenance and control for vacuum/partial vacuumin tube - 4 -

5. Expected Effect(1) • Apply vacuumtube to maglev train • Aerodynamic noise: naturallynot generated • Energy consumption: minimizedbecause air resistance does not exist theoretically • Tunnelbuilding cost : decreased because tunnel cross-section is minimized Tube Air Discharge Device Suspension and Propulsion Device - 5 -

6. Expected Effect(2) • Restriction of velocity increase (over 500km/h) • Aerodynamic noise • Aerodynamic noise isproportional to 6 square of velocity • When maglev train speeds over 500km/h, the noise is higher than existing a high-speed train • Energy consumption • Air resistance isproportional to square of velocity • Air resistance is more than 80% of running resistance over 300km/h • Tunnelbuilding costs • As velocity increases, tunnel cross-section increases (Air resistance, pressure fluctuation in tunnel and micro pressure wave decrease) • The Gyeongbu linetunnel : 107m2, transrapid tunnel : 200m2 - 6 -

7. Advantagesof Super Speed Train • Super speed running over velocity limitation of existing wheel type train is possible because of adhesion drive • Steep gradient and sharp curverunning abilityis excellent • Acceleration · decelerationis excellent • Energy consumption is low for an unit passenger transport • Ride comfort is excellent and environmentally friendly because vibration andnoise are low • Less Maintenance cost - 7 -

8. The trend of oversea research - 8 -

9. Technologies in Germany(1) • Main development steps • TR05 : Demonstration facility for transport exhibition, 0.9 km track, top speed 100 km/h • TR06 : First vehicle for test facility, two sections, designed for 400 km/h, top speed 412.6 km/h • TR07 : Second vehicle for test facility, two sections, designed for 500 km/h, top speed 450 km/h • TR08 : Third vehicle for test facility, three sections operation in Shanghai - 9 -

10. Technologies in Germany(2) • Structure - 10 -

11. The technical trend of Swiss for the tube Maglev • Two bidirectional tunnels of the inside diameter 5m is constructed and the high speed maglev travels with a speed more than 500km/h • The tunnel inside is kept with the partial vacuum in order to reduce the energy consumption of the propulsion system in high speed • The tube infra structure cost is expected about 75% of the overall investment - 11 -

12. The technical trend of Japan for the tube Maglev - 12 -

13. Technologies in China(1) • Key project data - 13 -

14. Technologies in China(2) • Populsion System - 14 -

15. Technologies in China(3) • Control System - 15 -

16. Technologies in China (4) • Propulsion and Levitation System - 16 -

17. - 17 -

18. History & Plan of the Research - 18 -

19. Propulsion System • Requirement of the propulsion • Design procedure • LSM design specification - 19 -

20. Propulsion System Development of the control algorithm and simulation model • For high capacity, multi-level inverter is used • Control algorithm considering of the non-linear characteristics • Simulation modeling for dynamic analysis of the linear motor - 20 -

21. Magnet Suspension System ◈ Body/Bogie/Magnet Model Simulation Model Development for the EMS Design ◈ Magnet Suspension ◈ Vehicle Response Analysis on the Stability & Guideway Tracking of EMS ◈ Suspension on a beam ◈ LV Controller ◈ Rail Profile ◈ EMS Model Analysis on Ride-comfort ◈ Magnet Model ◈ m-file for Bode plot - 21 -

22. Magnet Suspension System EMS using Hybrid Magnet (PM +EM) ◈ Attraction Force -Magnet Current <Magnet Field Analysis ◈ Magnet Gap & Magnet Current Fundamental Design & Performance Analysis <Prototype of Hybrid Magnet> ◈ Miniature Maglev Running Zero power Energy Consumption for EMS ≒0 [W] - 22 -

23. Aerodynamic Drag (Analysis case 1) 10 S 10 S S - 23 -

24. Aerodynamic Drag (Analysis case 2) • Backward • Forward - 24 -

25. Cable, insulation design • EMI/EMC technologies Power Supply to propulsion and on-board Sub-System On-board power supply system On-board power supply system • Design non-contact power supply system • Energy storage technologies • Design power conversion system • Power simulation • Regenerative energy usage technology • Design fault and protection system • Power quality, insulation • Grounding technology Vehicle Aerodynamics Propulsion & Levitation • Section switch technologies Power Supply - 25 -

26. Power system (Research results 1) • Review of IPS for TR09 • Design of propulsion power supply area concept • Analysis of ground power supply technology concept and characteristics • Develop the real-time power simulator • Analysis and examination of technical data on LIG type power supply • Review of contactless power supply - 26 -

27. Infrastructure subsystem (Concept) • Super-Speed Tube Train Infrastructure Underground tube structure Vacuum pump (air pressure control) Elevated tube structure Deep tunnel construction Safety and prevention of disasters Air-tight tube for vacuum condition Airlock at stations Guideway: Vehicle-Guideway interaction Ground-structure interaction - 27 -

28. Infrastructure subsystem (Concept) • Super-Speed Tube Train Infrastructure • Electro-Magnetic Suspension, • Linear Synchronous Motor • W -Shape Tube Structure • - optimized cross-sectional area • - provides space for maintenance • passage or cable duct - 28 -

29. Infrastructure subsystem (System Requirements) Conceptual Design Phase Main Item Preliminary Design Phase Detailed Design Phase Basic Functions Requirements Definition Interface Infrastructure Aerodynamics, VehicleShape, Vacuum Control Tube Secure space and isolation Air drag, construction method, load Disaster prevention/maintenance (Dimension, air-tightness) Levitation/Propulsion, Power Supply/Signaling, Safety/Disaster Prevention Vehicle-guideway Interaction Guideway Support rail and running vehicle Construction tolerance for alignment (Running safety) Vacuum Control Levitation/Propulsion Viaduct Support tube structure Static/dynamic structural performance (Structural safety) Construction costs Vacuum Control, Aerodynamics, Signaling/Communication, Safety/Disaster Prevention Station Isolate from tube, Prevention of disaster Boarding Air-lock system (Passenger safety) Power Supply/ Signaling, Vacuum Control Turnout Switch running direction 2-way/3-way/ scissors-type (Minimum space) Operating mechanism Vehicle-guideway I/F Tube-guideway / vehicleI/F Tube-electricity / signal I/F A. Running safety of vehicle B. Transfer vehicle live load to ground C. Strength to support dead load D. Limit of static/dynamic deflection E. Dynamic between vehicle and guideway F. Support of levitation and propulsion system A. Installation of guide to tube lining B. Maintaining vacuum C. Maintenance and evacuation of passengers D. Aerodynamic and sectional area of vehicle E. Support of vehicle and guideway load A. Installation of speed and location sensors B. Installation of signal antenna C. Maintenance and lightening system D. Electric power and signal cable - 29 -

30. Infrastructure subsystem (Critical Issues) • Air-tightness of Vacuum Tube Analysis of air-tightness Air-permeability test Air-tightness is proportional to the strength Tube lining needs impermeable materials like steel plate, waterproof material… Diameter(D) thickness(h) Air pressure to time Air pressure to time Mix 2 Mix 1 Mix 3 Mix 4 Air pressure to tube diameter (model2, t=30cm) Air pressure to tube thickness (model2, D=2m - 30 -

31. Conclusions • In recognition of Nation’s future vision for “Low Carbon & Green Growth”, Northeast Asia needs a super-speed traffic network • With potentially unlimited speed, less energy consumption and environment-friendly operation, super-speed tube train will become a promising solution for super-speed traffic network • We have performed researches on the super speed tube train and developed key technologies a variety of fields. We will continue R&D activities to deploy it in near future - 31 -

32. Thank you for your attention