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Traditional Chinese Philosophy and Culture

Traditional Chinese Philosophy and Culture. An Introduction Course. The Importance of TCC. Two purposes of learning a foreign language: 1. get familiar with the target culture 2. extend the native culture worldwide The ability of expressing native culture worldwide in the target language

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Traditional Chinese Philosophy and Culture

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  1. Traditional Chinese Philosophy and Culture An Introduction Course

  2. The Importance of TCC • Two purposes of learning a foreign language: • 1. get familiar with the target culture • 2. extend the native culture worldwide • The ability of expressing native culture worldwide in the target language • One part of the Curriculum outline

  3. Current Problems • Not familiar with TCC; • Cannot express Chinese culture in English; • E.g.: Cannot answer questions like “What do you usually have for breakfast?” • Do not know who “Mencius” is; • Over-obsessed with other cultures

  4. Purposes and Objectives: • Point out the English versions of some traditional Chinese terms • Clarify and familiarize basic characteristics and concepts of Traditional Chinese Culture to students—a panoramic view • Try to encourage those who are interested to contribute to the cultural exchange on a global scale

  5. An Outline • Fundamental Traits • Historical Figures (Thoughts) and Events • Cultural Achievements • Chinese Characters • Idioms, Allusions, Legends and Folktales • Folk Customs (Dress and Adornment, Dietetic, Wine, Tea, Festivals) • Sites and Scenic Spots

  6. The concept of “Culture” In a broad sense, it signifies the artificial transformation of nature, hence the material achievements In a narrow sense, it mainly pertains to the spiritual achievements gained by human beings Culture of material, Culture of social system, Culture of behaviors and Culture of ideology TCC refers to the material and spiritual achievements made by the Chinese people in ancient times. Fundamental Traits of TCC

  7. The development of TCC • Specific geographic and historical conditions • Its civilization of agriculture • Its social system of patriarchal relations and autocratic system (宗法关系和专制制度）

  8. Phases of development • Prehistoric culture: the emergence of worship, agriculture, graphic characters and painted and black pottery • Culture in Dynasties of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou: The Bronze Age; nine-square system; blood relations; system of rites and music; “Emperor and Heaven”; morality; characters inscribed on bones and tortoise shells

  9. Phases of development • Culture in S.A.P. and W.S.P.: “the Spring and Autumn Annals”; the unity of different peoples; the emergence of Confucian school and the contention of numerous schools of thoughts • Culture in Dynasties of Qin and Han: the unification of China; the centralized autocratic political system revolving the emperor; the standardization of written language; Five Confucian classics (the book of songs; collection of ancient texts; the rites; the book of changes and the Spring and Autumn annals); The Silk Road

  10. Phases of development • Culture in Dynasties of Sui and Tang: official selection (from family status based to imperial civil examination); tolerant to the outside; Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism; poetry; calligraphy • Culture in Dynasties of Ming and Qing: Literary Inquisition; the selection of scholars based on stereotyped writing; four masterpieces; “Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio”; “Compendium of Materia Medica”

  11. Fundamental traits • I. Vitality, Continuity and Inclusiveness • II. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism • III. Seeking for Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium, Peace and Content • IV. The Culture of Human Relations and the Rational Attitude to Reality • V. The Dialectical Pattern of Thought and the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics’ study

  12. I. Vitality, Continuity and Inclusiveness强大的生命力及持续性和包容性 • Its survival of all kinds of ordeal and turmoil (foreign intrusions Vs. domestic suppression) “burning books and massacre of Confucian Scholars” • Its capability of regeneration • Magnanimity and inclusiveness are the root cause (its assimilation and incorporation of various foreign cultures into its own) “exhaling the old and inhaling the new”

  13. II. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向 • The emergence of a great national unity • “All the land under the sky belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the king’s subjects.” (Emperor Zhou) • “普天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣” • “Respect the king and reject the officials” (Lord Qihuan) “尊王攘夷” • “the lands under the Heaven will be in peace when being united.” (Mencius) “天下定于一”

  14. II. The Conception of Great National Unity and Values of Collectivism大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向 • “the whole country is one family” (Xunzi) “四海之内若一家” • “all the land in the universe belongs to the Emperor” (First Emperor Qin) “六合之内，皇帝之土” • The notion of Yandi descendants and Huangdi descendents was form in “Historical Records” • The Patriarchal relations and the culture of autocratic monarchy • Patriotic heroic spirit • Some negative effects

  15. III. Seeking for Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium, Peace and Content求和谐、主平衡的世界观和安土乐天的生活 • “Man is an integral part of nature” “天人合一” • A harmonious and inseparable relationship • It is not only a norm but also a lofty realm of men • Moral cultivation Vs. Returning to Nature • “the golden mean” “中庸” (The “unity of opposites” by Confucianism) “Holding the two ends but using the middle part” • “Heaven”: “cosmic spirit” rather than “secular” • To strive for stability (a settled life) “thirty mu of land and a wife, children, a warm bed and a cow”

  16. IV. The Culture of Human Relations and the Rational Attitude to Reality注重现实的理性态度和人伦文化 • Man as the fundamental of the universe • Five basic human relations: “affection between father and son, rites between emperor and his subjects, a hierarchical order between husband and wife, the old and the young, and fidelities between friends” • The system of rites and music （礼乐制度） • Three cardinal guides and five constant virtues （三纲五常）“ruler governs subject, father guides son, husband guides wife”(unequal relationship) “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity” (self-discipline)

  17. V. The Dialectical Pattern of Thought and the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics’ study辩证思维和经学思维 • The Chinese traditional dialectical pattern of thought (中国传统辩证思想）“endless multiplication constitutes changes” “the relativity and infinite divisibility of the world” “the fundamental and the incidental of the Dark Learning” • the Way of Thinking in the Mode of Confucian Classics’ study （经学式思维方式）a blind faith in the study of classics Four Books of Huangdi Classic of the Way and Virtue

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