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Aquaculture Overview

Aquaculture Overview. LaDon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University. Definition.

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Aquaculture Overview

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  1. AquacultureOverview LaDon Swann Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Auburn University

  2. Definition “Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.” SOURCE: FAO FISHERIES CIRCULAR NO. 815 REVISION 8, 1996

  3. Aquaculture’s Justification

  4. Advantages of Aquaculture • Aquaculturists can improve both the fish and the production methods • Commercial fishers can do little about the fish and must concentrate on improving fishing gear and methods • Aquaculture is an important source of employment • The bulk of aquaculture production is composed of a small number of species • In 2000, 29 species accounted for 78 percent of production. • Other species from among the several thousand that are exploited by capture fisheries could eventually be farmed • The appropriate legal framework for most modern aquaculture technologies is known

  5. 2003 Foreign Trade Deficit • Imports • $11.1 billion (edible) • 4.9 billion pounds • 40% from aquaculture • Exports • $3.3 billion (edible) • 2.4 billion pounds • Deficit • $7.8 billion • 2.5 billion pounds

  6. World Production

  7. World Production Trends • According to FAO statistics aquaculture's contribution to global supplies of fish, crustaceans and molluscs • Increased from 3.9 percent of total production by weight in 1970 to 27.3 percent in 2000. • Aquaculture is growing more rapidly than all other animal food producing sectors. • Worldwide, the sector has increased at an average compounded rate of 9.2 percent per year since 1970 • Only 1.4 percent increase for capture fisheries and • 2.8 percent for terrestrial farmed meat production systems

  8. World Aquaculture Production • In 2000 World aquaculture production of fish, crustaceans and molluscs • 35.6 million tons in 2000 - 6.5% increase since 1999 • US$ 50.9 billion, representing - 5.6% increase since 1999 • China has the largest aquaculture production • 24.6 million ton (69% of world production) • US$ 24.1 billion (47% of world value due to value of carps) • If you exclude China, then World Aquaculture production of fish, crustaceans and molluscus • 11.0 million tons - 3.3% increase since 1999 • US$ 26.7 million - 4.7% increase since 1999 • In 2000 aquaculture provided 27.3% of global fisheries • Excluding China - 12.4% of global fisheries production. • Indications that Chinese production statistics have been over-estimated since the 1990s

  9. World Production Commercial Catch Aquaculture SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9600, 2002

  10. World Aquaculture Production by Water Types in 2000

  11. World Production by Species Groups and Environment in 2000

  12. Aquaculture Production in Marine and Inland Waters

  13. World Production Compared to Chinese Production

  14. World Aquaculture Production by Major Species Groups in 2000

  15. Trend of World Production by Major Species Groups

  16. Consumption

  17. World Per Capita Consumption • The total food fish supply for the world excluding China has been growing at a rate of about 2.4% per annum since 1961 • 25.2 million tons in 1961 to 62.9 million tons in 2000 • The population has been expanding at 1.8% per annum • Since the late 1980s population growth for the world excluding China has occasionally outpaced total food fish supply • Resulting in a decrease in per capita fish supply from 14.6 kg per capita in 1987 to 13.1 kg in 2000. • For China, the corresponding figures are • 6.4% per annum increase for food fish supply • 1.7% for the population.

  18. Aquaculture’s Contribution to Per Capita Consumption • 2/3 of the total food fish supply is obtained from fishing in marine and inland waters • The remaining 1/3 is derived aquaculture • The contribution of commercial capture fisheries to per caput food supply has stabilized • 10-11 kg per capita in the period 1970-2000 • The contribution of aquaculture (except China) to per capita food availability • 0.5 kg in 1970 to 1.8 kg in 2000 • at an average rate of 4.5% per annum. • In China the per capita supply from aquaculture has increased from 1 kg to 19 kg in the same period (average growth of 11% per year)

  19. Per Capita Consumption

  20. Per-Capita Consumption

  21. Aquaculture’s Contribution to World Protein Supply

  22. Nutritional Comparisons

  23. US Aquaculture

  24. 1995 Farm Bill Proposal “Aquaculture is poised to become a major growth industry.”

  25. U.S. Aquaculture1998 • Food Fish Production increased • 308 million pounds in 1992 • 768 million pounds in 1998 • Farm-gate value increased • $261 million in 1992 • $978 million in 1998 • (NMFS and NASS,1999)

  26. U.S. Aquaculture1998 • Farm Gate Value: $978 Million • Total Value: $5.6 Billion • 181,000 Full-time Jobs • Fastest Growing Sector Of U.S. Agriculture

  27. Aquaculture Sales

  28. Value by Category

  29. Top States Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS

  30. Production States NORTH CENTRAL NORTHEASTERN WESTERN Perch Striped Bass Tilapia Trout Salmon Oysters Clams Striped Bass Trout Salmon Shellfish Striped Bass Tilapia Ornamentals Cobia Shrimp Catfish Striped Bass Tilapia Clams SOUTHERN TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL Ornamentals, Food and Shellfish

  31. Agriculture vs. Aquaculture • Variable body temperature • Better converters of foodstuffs • Requires less energy for body support 1 1 lb feed = 1 lb fish 2

  32. Species Selection • Producer’s expertise • Water supply and climate • Species biology • Marketability • Production methods • Production economics ?

  33. Water Temperature • Warmwater Range • Cobia • Flounder • Red Drum • Snapper • Oysters

  34. Water Temperature • Coolwater Range • Flounder • Scallops • Oysters • Sea Bass

  35. Water Temperature • Coldwater Range • Atlantic Salmon • Blue Mussels • Oysters • Abalone

  36. Types of Aquaculture • Food • Bait • Ornamentals • Stock Enhancement • Sport • Fee Fishing

  37. Food

  38. Food Fish Species • Catfish • Tilapia • Atlantic Salmon • Shrimp • Shellfish • Cobia • Snapper

  39. Bait

  40. Baitfish Species • Fathead minnows • Golden shiners • Brown Shrimp • Mullet • Bull minnows

  41. StockEnhancement

  42. Stock Enhancement

  43. Pond and Lake Stockings

  44. Pond Stocking Species • Channel catfish • Largemouth bass • Bluegill • Redear sunfish • Yellow perch • Trout

  45. Ornamentals

  46. Ornamental Species • Goldfish • Angelfish • Crustaceans • Guppies • South American Catfish • Clown fish • 100s more

  47. Fee Fishing

  48. Fee Fishing • Long-term leases • Day leases or “ticket lakes” • “Fish-out” or by the pound ponds

  49. Biological Supply Houses

  50. Production Methods • Ponds • Cagesand pens • Raceways • Closedre-use systems Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS

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