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Ile Ioana Maghiari Denisa Negrea Dalina

Utilizările compuşilor carbonilici. Ile Ioana Maghiari Denisa Negrea Dalina. Clasa: a XI-a B. Prof. coord.: Sabău Rodica. La sfârşitul lecţiei elevii trebuie să fie capabili să identifice/stabilească utilizările compuşilor carbonilici.

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Ile Ioana Maghiari Denisa Negrea Dalina

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  1. Utilizările compuşilor carbonilici Ile Ioana Maghiari Denisa Negrea Dalina Clasa: a XI-a B Prof. coord.: Sabău Rodica

  2. La sfârşitul lecţiei elevii trebuie să fie capabili să identifice/stabilească utilizările compuşilor carbonilici.

  3. Formaldehida • Se utilizează sub formă de soluţie apoasă de 35-40% (formol) la conservarea preparatelor anatomice. Din cauza toxicităţii mari (iritant al ochilor, nasului şi gâtului, provoacă orbirea şi chiar moartea), laboratoarele de biologie folosesc uneori o soluţie 2-5% fenol în etanol. • Se foloseşte la obţinerea oglinzilor (reactiv Tollens). Formaldehida formează răşini sintetice, prin tratare cu fenol, in mediu acid (novalac) sau în mediu acid (bachelita); acestea se folosesc ca materiale protectoare, având rezistenţă chimică şi mecanică ridicată.

  4. Aldehida formică se foloseşte la obţinerea fenoplastelor, a unor coloranţi, medicamente, în industria pielăriei, ca dezinfectant, oglinzilor. Formează răşini sintetice, aceasta se foloseşte ca meterial protector având rezistenţa chimică şi mecanică ridicată. • Aldehida acetică se foloseşte la obţinerea alcoolului etilic şi a acidului acetic. • Heptanalul şi aldehidele cu catenă normală cu C8 – C10 care se găsesc în uleiurile eterice de lămâie, trandafir şi neroli se obţin şi pe cale de sinteză, fiind foarte des utilizate în parfumerie, exemplu benzaldehida (având miros de migdale amare)

  5. Acetona Ca şi celelalte cetone lichide, se foloseşte ca solvent. Datorită volatilităţii (p.f.=560C) şi solubilităţii sale în apă, se foloseşte la uscarea vaselor de laborator.

  6. Acetona se foloseşte ca materie primă pentru obţinerea unor produse farmaceutice, a cloroformului, a oxidului de mesitil (dizolvant), a metaacrilatului de metil (monomerul sticlei plexi), ca dizolvant pentru acetilenă, lacuri, vopsele etc. Ştiaţi că... În organismul bolnavilor de diabet se formează acetonă? Aceasta se elimină prin urină şi prin respiraţie şi se recunoaşte uşor datorită mirosului dulce caracteristic.

  7. Aldehida cinamică Uleiul de iasomie (C6H5-CH=CH-CHO) conţine iasmona, este cea care conferă o cetonă ciclică? mirosul specific de scorţisoară?

  8. Bibliografie • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eplante.ro/plant_pics/663.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eplante.ro/plante-a-z/Iasomie-de-Madagascar-Stephanotis-floribunda.html&usg=__MkGxKK49MrEAX5HGTYOFjXX37vs=&h=600&w=450&sz=29&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=dI26qelF-vLckM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=99&ei=dBU3TZKULYGEswbw2uGUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diasomie%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=422&oei=dBU3TZKULYGEswbw2uGUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&tx=18&ty=61 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://blocnotes.ro/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scortisoara-248x300.gif&imgrefurl=http://blocnotes.ro/2009/04/scortisoara-un-condiment-extraordinar/&usg=__VhR7fKppeYf8RIbcdN7ZZhxKhPY=&h=300&w=248&sz=53&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=hK_wR2ZES3JY3M:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&ei=ohM3Tdn-IoX2sgbYpPCJAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dscortisoara%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=488&vpy=51&dur=53&hovh=240&hovw=198&tx=70&ty=104&oei=ohM3Tdn-IoX2sgbYpPCJAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.parfumuri-de-lux.ro/images/nd.4987.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.parfumuri-de-lux.ro/&usg=__1ls_KnXgf0cCG4C5cp-Lw_F6u8A=&h=378&w=300&sz=30&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=Adb09cBkFzEjdM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=136&ei=vho3TfO8O8SBswa50P2EAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnd.4987%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=150&vpy=62&dur=251&hovh=252&hovw=200&tx=68&ty=117&oei=vho3TfO8O8SBswa50P2EAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0

  9. http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccib.ro/afacerea/Imagemanager/afacerea2009/195/medicamente.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccib.ro/afacerea/Stire-2719-.htm&usg=__zAsIWsKkhAkM_uUpaIpgpEUqj_U=&h=375&w=250&sz=159&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=ppYuztoWDqZd6M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=92&ei=phk3TdvBHojusgaivvR4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedicamente%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=674&vpy=39&dur=62&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=103&ty=150&oei=phk3TdvBHojusgaivvR4&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccib.ro/afacerea/Imagemanager/afacerea2009/195/medicamente.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccib.ro/afacerea/Stire-2719-.htm&usg=__zAsIWsKkhAkM_uUpaIpgpEUqj_U=&h=375&w=250&sz=159&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=ppYuztoWDqZd6M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=92&ei=phk3TdvBHojusgaivvR4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedicamente%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=674&vpy=39&dur=62&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=103&ty=150&oei=phk3TdvBHojusgaivvR4&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://technabob.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/rubiks_mirror_cube.jpg&imgrefurl=http://technabob.com/blog/2008/09/22/rubiks-mirror-blocks-puzzle/&usg=__rOu3JPqznhRHqECv68531eoa75Q=&h=473&w=520&sz=28&hl=ro&start=60&zoom=1&tbnid=MOJ25-MiS1fvcM:&tbnh=173&tbnw=190&ei=BBo3TczMNM75sgbjx4mmAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmirror%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:10,1355&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=435&oei=_hk3Td-8L4a1tAb3zNh9&esq=3&page=3&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:60&tx=159&ty=51&biw=1366&bih=667 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mamanatura.ro/images/products/mamanatura.ro/dizolvant_acetona_farmec.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mamanatura.ro/frumusete/ingrijire_generala/ingrijirea_mainilor/dizolvant_cu_acetona-p10014034&usg=__o4_U8_4g7en7vbRR-B5_67-l4Ig=&h=250&w=250&sz=6&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=TTdoGnDfETZFxM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&ei=Iho3TYWNLs3wsgbSsKyHAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dacetona%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=146&vpy=68&dur=671&hovh=200&hovw=200&tx=106&ty=87&oei=Iho3TYWNLs3wsgbSsKyHAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=34&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://stoc.licee.edu.ro/papirus-Herold1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://stoc.licee.edu.ro/istoric.html&usg=__iAhJ4myKTeIjMUTJkyGbjzpvsq0=&h=591&w=420&sz=19&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=c9CyATmcaRKQXM:&tbnh=169&tbnw=123&ei=hSI3TZHnAo70sga9suBy&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpapirus%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=271&vpy=97&dur=946&hovh=266&hovw=189&tx=167&ty=109&oei=hSI3TZHnAo70sga9suBy&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0

  10. http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.laborator-licla.ro/licla-cit_files/eprubete-filtered_1.png&imgrefurl=http://www.laborator-licla.ro/&usg=__8LGZDWRDR4eiYmaSKdjoUUFVgpM=&h=233&w=293&sz=65&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=H8FEjQWQygaV2M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=160&ei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deprubete%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:10,48&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=804&vpy=173&dur=396&hovh=186&hovw=234&tx=91&ty=108&oei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:0&biw=1366&bih=667http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.laborator-licla.ro/licla-cit_files/eprubete-filtered_1.png&imgrefurl=http://www.laborator-licla.ro/&usg=__8LGZDWRDR4eiYmaSKdjoUUFVgpM=&h=233&w=293&sz=65&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=H8FEjQWQygaV2M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=160&ei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deprubete%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:10,48&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=804&vpy=173&dur=396&hovh=186&hovw=234&tx=91&ty=108&oei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:0&biw=1366&bih=667 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.haas-c-impex.8k.com/images/sticle_500x408.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.haas-c-impex.8k.com/about.html&usg=__RWaSoQYO0SAjCv6mv5Ne76-tfUI=&h=408&w=500&sz=29&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=iqZm5gqCNenSKM:&tbnh=160&tbnw=194&ei=yxs3TeO7FceFswbYnpGCAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsticle_500%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=155&vpy=123&dur=2335&hovh=203&hovw=249&tx=148&ty=113&oei=yxs3TeO7FceFswbYnpGCAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kober.ro/ro/images/piata.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.kober.ro/ro/piata_externa.html&usg=__fJU1c1mxn9SBrWAymdEG1_tUju4=&h=241&w=393&sz=27&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=Gb9asQzsFHxanM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=159&ei=Ahw3TfHnDcGytAbXqPSNAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlacuri%2Bsi%2Bvopsele%255C%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=233&oei=Ahw3TfHnDcGytAbXqPSNAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=36&ty=41 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.viorelmuscas.ro/alazar/images/sigla_zoom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.viorelmuscas.ro/alazar/insemne.html&usg=__-bM8Sn5TfDX3sCrF-AkbAS_DBD8=&h=528&w=495&sz=38&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=0&tbnid=qDGlyv_-BZv2nM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=119&ei=VRw3TYyXK8LysgaDy_ly&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsigla%2Baurel%2Blazar%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=162&vpy=104&dur=2563&hovh=132&hovw=124&tx=75&ty=61&oei=VRw3TYyXK8LysgaDy_ly&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0

  11. http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emaramures.ro/userfiles/Image/Foto%2520Generice/Sanatate/eprubete.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.emaramures.ro/stiri/25809/AH1N1-Bulgaria-a-decretat-stare-de-epidemie-de-gripa-la-nivel-national&usg=__I_InZX8QboXIY-4GoIm8uIabnyE=&h=411&w=300&sz=30&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=6qFpTpxW9PLqSM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=100&ei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deprubete%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=136&vpy=44&dur=467&hovh=263&hovw=192&tx=114&ty=129&oei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emaramures.ro/userfiles/Image/Foto%2520Generice/Sanatate/eprubete.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.emaramures.ro/stiri/25809/AH1N1-Bulgaria-a-decretat-stare-de-epidemie-de-gripa-la-nivel-national&usg=__I_InZX8QboXIY-4GoIm8uIabnyE=&h=411&w=300&sz=30&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=6qFpTpxW9PLqSM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=100&ei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deprubete%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=136&vpy=44&dur=467&hovh=263&hovw=192&tx=114&ty=129&oei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jocuri-gratis.ro/wallpapere-fantasy/eprubete-wallpaper_1024x768.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jocuri-gratis.ro/wallpaper/eprubete-wallpaper/&usg=__FvaypuV4gX1Ff3BHarymb4bVL3s=&h=768&w=1024&sz=69&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=QSkii3WJfltpcM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=183&ei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deprubete%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=540&oei=7Bo3TdP3K86CswaB4bWUAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=66&ty=100 • http://www.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://books.hinkhoj.com/images/books/blank.jpg&imgrefurl=http://books.hinkhoj.com/&usg=__JXhZtm9UaoJvP2aT51w7i3A06b4=&h=356&w=400&sz=58&hl=ro&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=6l7ZkioHamxypM:&tbnh=161&tbnw=176&ei=kxw3TZXEOM3wsgbnlv1y&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbooks%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dro%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D667%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=518&oei=kxw3TZXEOM3wsgbnlv1y&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=7&ty=96 • http://www.google.ro/#hl=ro&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=667&q=utilizarile+compusilor+carbonilici&aq=1&aqi=g5&aql=&oq=utilizarile+compusi&fp=d17ec0227eb3cdc7 • Ion Baciu, Daniela Bogdan, Ştefan Tomas, Manual de chimie clasa a XI a, Filiera teoretică, profil real, Editura Mistral • http://www.trilulilu.ro/Seherezada/f72c6bf942fb3a

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