Chapter 14 and16 Review

1. Chapter 14 and16 Review AP GOVERNMENT INTEREST GROUPS and CAMPAIGNS

2. Response Grid TEST • A • B • C • D

3. One of the roles of interest groups is to make government aware of problems and offer a possible solution, which is known as what? • Representation • Participation • Education • Agenda building • Program monitoring

4. Which of the following best describes gerrymandering? • The party in power wins four or five surrounding districts by very small margins • The Supreme Court requires that state legislators must adopt the doctrine of one vote, one person • The party in control of the state legislature draws district boundaries in such a way as to favor its own candidates in subsequent elections • By polling voters, party officials are able to determine how citizens will vote • The public decides which issues are most important and tells elected officials how to vote on specific bills

5. An interest group can attempt to lobby the judicial branch through filing • An amicus curiae brief • A writ of error Coram Nobis • A habeas corpus petition • A writ of certiorari e. A writ of mandamus

6. The theory that all interests are free to compete for influence in government, resulting in healthy democratic balance, is called • Elite power politics • Socialism • Pluralism • Rational choice • institutionalism

7. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold) did which of the following? • It created interest groups known as 527s • It made it illegal for unions to donate to presidential campaigns • It banned soft money donations to national parties • It banned candidates from running negative advertisements • It banned third-parties from federal funding

8. The process known as front-loading refers to • Presidential candidates raising funds far in advance of the first presidential primary • A presidential candidate seeking endorsements before officially declaring candidacy • The tendency of states to choose an early date on the primary calendar • Political Action Committees contributing money to candidates at least one year before the first presidential primary or caucus • The winner-take-all principle of the electoral college

9. Participant Scores

10. The three points of an iron triangle include • An independent agency, a state, and a member of Congress • An administrative agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee • A cabinet department, an interest group, and the House majority leader • A regulatory commission, a corporation, and the White House Office • The Executive Office of the President, an interest group, and a Senate committee

11. The free rider problem occurs when • Interest groups seek public funding to advance their special interests • People benefit from an interest group’s efforts without making any contribution • Elected officials provide government services for those who have helped their campaign • Political campaigns manipulate the news media in order to obtain free media • Congressional candidates win elections because they belong to the party of a popular president

12. When contributing to congressional campaigns, political action committees are most likely to contribute to • Incumbents of both major parties • Third-party challengers • Republican challengers • State party organizations • National party organizations

13. Participant Scores

14. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? • 0% • 25% • 50% • 75% • 100%

15. Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACs)? • They make campaign contributions in hope of gaining access to legislators • They are a part of political party organizations • They are allowed to contribute to only one candidate in any election • They nominate candidates for president at national party conventions • They operate at the state level but not at the national level

16. In response to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold), the United States Supreme Court, in Citizens United v. FEC, ruled that • Limits cannot be placed upon candidates’ contributions to their own campaigns • Independent campaign expenditures by corporations and unions are protected by the First Amendment • Limits on issue advertisements 90 days before an election are unconstitutional • Limits on campaign contributions by minors are constitutional under the First Amendment • Requiring endorsement statements in campaign advertisements is unconstitutional

17. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

18. One of the best strategies that interest groups can use to achieve their goals is • Pressing for changes in high-profile public policies • Lobbying members of Congress to make small changes in existing policy • Using the judiciary to invalidate federal legislation • Encouraging states to use their Tenth Amendment rights and ignore federal law • Running candidates for office

19. Typically, presidential candidates implement their campaign strategies by • Applying their resources evenly among the states, because they must win popular votes in a majority of the states to be elected • Focusing on larger, competitive states because they might tip the balance of the electoral college • Focusing on small states, because these states have proportionally more electoral votes than more populous states • Ignoring the electoral college, because the popular vote determines the outcome of the election • Ignoring the electoral college, because more states are moving away from the winner-take-all process

20. Participant Scores

21. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? • 0% • 25% • 50% • 75% • 100%

22. Interest groups use Political Action Committees (PACs) to • Provide expertise to members of Congress to when they are writing legislation • Lobby the executive bureaucracy when they are considering new rules and regulation • Raise and spend money on election campaigns • Generate research that can be used to influence public opinion • Hire policy experts who will promote their views in the media

23. Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the • Provisions of Article I Section 8 • First Amendment • Ninth Amendment • Tenth Amendment • Fourteenth Amendment

24. The head of a political campaign is usually called the • Campaign consultant • Political manager • Campaign manager • Political strategist • Political party leader

25. Political action committees representing which of the following groups have increased in number most substantially since the mid 1970s? • Labor • Business • Health-care professionals • Veterans’ groups • Civil rights advocates

26. In The Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that factions in a republic are • A more serious threat if the republic is large • Natural but controllable by institutions • Not likely to occur if people are honest • Prevented by majority rule • Prevented by free elections

27. Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through • “wining and dining” legislators • Orchestrating petition drives and letter-writing campaigns • Placing persuasive advertisements in the media • Threatening to help the legislator’s opponent in the next election • Providing legislators with information on technical issues

28. If you got that question wrong, don’t feel bad • Question from the 2002 AP Test • Only 41% of all AP students in the United States got that question correct • Only 44% of the students receiving a 3 on the AP test answered that question correctly

29. Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs? • They are used by interest groups to lobby courts • They are used exclusively by liberal interest groups • They are used exclusively by conservative interest groups • They are now unconstitutional • They are the means by which a litigant seeks Supreme Court review of a lower court decision

30. Interest groups engage in all of the following EXCEPT • Testifying before congressional committees • Sponsoring issue advocacy ads • Lobbying federal agencies • Filing federal lawsuits • Using the franking privilege

31. Participant Scores

32. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question? • 0% • 25% • 50% • 75% • 100%

33. Which of the following is NOT a way in which the federal government regulate campaigns? • By requirements for disclosure of campaign donations • By establishment of federal agencies to regulate campaign finance activities • By limits on the distribution of soft money • By limits on individual donations to campaigns • By prohibitions on negative advertising