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Warm up

Warm up. 1. Highlight all of the proteins listed on your visual. 2. Underline what proteins provide for your body?. Protein Synthesis. What does the word synthesis mean?. Synthesis means “ to make ”. Therefore, protein synthesis means what? to make proteins.

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Warm up

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  1. Warm up 1. Highlight all of the proteins listed on your visual. 2. Underline what proteins provide for your body?

  2. Protein Synthesis

  3. What does the word synthesis mean? Synthesis means “to make”. Therefore, protein synthesis means what? to make proteins

  4. ___________ are the monomers (small units) which make up the polymer Proteins. Amino Acids

  5. DNA’s role in Protein synthesis • DNA is in the nucleus and • has the instructions (genetic • code) for making the protein • The organelle that proteins are made on is the • However, DNA cannot leave • the nucleus to get the • instructions to the ribosome. • Therefore, it has to send a • messenger called • messenger RNA (mRNA) ribosome DNA ribosome

  6. There are two steps in protein synthesis: Step 1: Transcription Step 2: Translation

  7. TRANSCRIPTION “writing the instructions” • During Transcription, mRNA makes a copy of DNA in it’s own language • mRNA’s language does not include the nitrogen base, thymine (T) instead it has uracil (U) • Transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell

  8. Transcription Practice Transcribe the following DNA strand to an RNA strand: DNA: T A C G G A G T G C T C G C A C G C G A T A C T mRNA:A U G C C U C A C G A G C G U G C G C U A U G A Codons and anticodons consist of 3 nucleotides. How many codons are on the above mRNA strand? Now mRNA can take it’s copy of the DNA code to the ________________ where proteins are made 8 ribosome

  9. mRNA travels from nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasmpreparing for Translation. Nucleus mRNA

  10. Summarize the Transcription Process

  11. Translation“read the instructions” Translation involves transfer RNA (tRNA) which transfers the amino acid to the ribosome where mRNA awaits The key components of the tRNA molecule that are important during translation are amino acids and anticodons

  12. TRANSLATION • In order for this process to take place, the anticodons of the tRNA must read and bind to the codons on the mRNA strand • When the anticodons and codons bind together, the tRNA releases it’s amino acid

  13. TRANSLATION • Each released amino acid is held together by a peptide bond therefore making polypeptides. • The sequence of amino acids determine the shape and type of polypeptide or protein being made. • Proteins are made of one or more polypeptides. Peptide Bond Polypeptide / Protein

  14. In order to simulate the process of Translation, you must correctly read the following mRNA genetic code chart

  15. Translation Practice Using the mRNA genetic code chart, translate the following mRNA strand mRNA:A U G C C U C A C G A G C G U G C G C U A U G A Protein:met - pro - his - glu - arg - ala - leu - stop

  16. Summarize the Translation Process

  17. Are you ready to interpret which process is taking place in the following diagrams?

  18. Transcription or Translation

  19. Transcription or Translation

  20. Transcription or Translation

  21. Transcription or Translation

  22. Transcription or Translation

  23. Transcription or Translation

  24. Transcription or Translation

  25. Think Pair ShareTell your neighbor what happens during the process of protein synthesisusing the visual summary

  26. Protein Synthesis Animations http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1302 http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.swf \\centraldata\ETSD\Intro to Human Genetics (D)

  27. Practice Question The diagram shows how a section of protein containing the amino acid sequence QYWQ is formed. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA section shown? 5′UCGGAUACUACU3′ 5′CCACCACCACCA3′ 5′ACUUCGGAUACU3′ 5′CAGUAUUGGCAA3′

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