Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet

1. Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763 Pages 22-37

2. B.C.E. and C.E. • B.c.e. means, “before the common era,” and refers to time periods from the beginning up until 0. Also know as b.c. • C.e. means the “common era,” and refers to time periods from 1 until present day. Also known as a.d. • Do not be confused, write these down and everything will be ok!!

3. What Three Worlds??? • This should have been your very first question. What is your second question?? • WHEN DOES THE BEGINNING START??? This is your second question. • Remember to question what you read!! • Answer to first question-- Europe, Africa, and America’s

4. Group Work • Divide into your groups and look at the timeline and picture on page 25. • You are to speculate about what emotions the Native Americans felt as they watched the ship approach, and write them down. • Next, as a group, construct three questions the Native Americans might want to ask the people on the ship. • You have 10 minutes, then we will share our thoughts with the class

6. Effective Note Taking: A Reminder What is the piece of writing about? • Read the introduction and headings. • Look at illustrations, charts and graphs and read the captions. • What are the main points or ideas • Read through carefully thinking about what the main points or ideas are. • Make your notes • In your own words, summarize the information. Do not copy information directly from the book or internet. If you include a quote that is written in the book, use quotation marks.

7. Chapter 1: Section 1 Crossing to the Americas P. 27-31

8. Vocabulary Words for Chapter 1: Section 1 • Here is a list of words you are responsible for: • Archaeologist • Artifact • Migrate • Culture • Domestication • Civilization • Irrigation • Mound Builders • Beringia • Know these words, you will see them again later!! (Hint :) ) These words can be found in your textbook, p. 27-31

9. Archaeologist

10. Artifact

11. Migrate

12. Culture • What can you tell about the culture, of these children, from these pictures?

13. Domestication

14. Civilization

15. What is a civilization??What features do you need to have a civilization??

16. 5 Features of a Civilization • 1. Cities are center of trade • 2. Specialized jobs for different people • 3. Organized forms of gov’t and religion • 4. System of record keeping • 5. Advanced tools

17. What leads to civilization? • The five features, but what is the most important invention leading to the formation of civilizations? • Irrigation, Domestication • Irrigation leads to agriculture, which leads to trade, which leads to villages, etc..

18. Irrigation

19. First People in America • Migrated using the land bridge called Beringia. • Where did they migrate from and why? • Where is/was Beringia located? • When exactly is the beginning? • Artifacts date back as far as 30,000 years ago!!

21. First People in America • Beringia created during the Ice Age • People believed to have migrated from Asia • Migrated in search of food

22. Early American Artifacts

23. Early Mesoamerican Civilizations

24. Mesoamerica??? • Region that stretches from Central Mexico to present day Nicaragua • 1200 b.c.e.(before common era) Olmec’s: an advanced Native American civilization that inhabited this area • They lasted for 800 years: set up trade routes, built earthen mounds shaped like pyramids, and constructed large cities-- La Venta • 400 b.c.e, they vanished. But they influenced cultures they traded with, namely, the Mayan’s

25. The Mayan’s • Located in Southern Mexico and Guatemala • By 250 c.e. (common era) they had an advanced civilization where they built pyramids, and had an accurate yearly calendar • 1st people to create a number system and they used pictographs as their written language. • By 900, they disappeared. Where did they go?? • Scientists do not know, but speculate that either disease, revolts, or drought led to their extinction

26. Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan

27. The Four Corner Native American Tribes

28. 4 Corner Tribes are found in these states:

29. We will focus on two of the 4 tribes • Anasazi: artifacts found in all 4 states (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona) • Hohokam: artifacts found mainly in Arizona

30. Location of these tribes

31. Map of 4 Corner Native Americans

32. Anasazi Tribe • Lived in the four corner states area from 100 c.e. to circa 1300 c.e. • Were nomadic hunter-gatherers , who settled and became farmers • Cultivated maize (corn), squash, and beans • Actively traded with other cultures • Created roads to make trade easier • No writing system--instead used pictographs

33. Anasazi “spirals”

34. Anasazi pictographs

35. Anasazi cont… • Lived on high mesas and in canyons • Built homes out of sun-dried, mud bricks, called Pueblos • Built homes up against overhanging walls: Why?? • Protection, and keep cool in summer and warm in winter • Lived in communal houses • Houses shared by several families • Used kivas, a large, deep circle, for rituals

36. KIVA

37. What is inside a kiva??

38. Anasazi Pueblo Cliff Dwelling

39. Anasazi Pueblo Cliff Dwelling

40. Anasazi Cave Dwelling

41. Anasazi cont.. • By 1300 c.e., culture declined • 1600, all villages abandoned • Left all belongings in villages--Why? • Theories as to why • Drought, invaders (war), or a breakdown in their social structure

42. Hohokam Tribe • From 300 c.e. to 1500 c.e., they lived mainly in the Arizona area known as the Tucson Base • “Desert Agriculturalists”--greatest of the desert farmers . Built villages close to streams so they could farm • Adopted the “rancheria” style of living • People living in widely separated house groups within the village • Used pictographs as their writing style

43. Hohokam Pictographs

44. Hohokam “big” house

45. Hohokam cont… • They were master pottery makers: using the clay, earthen jars to store crops, maize, and water • Dug ditches to water their crops • Also known as irrigation • They hunted and gathered, but farming was their main source of food

46. Hohokam irrigation canal

47. Hohokam irrigation canal

48. Hohokam cont… • By 1100 c.e., the Hohokam and the Mogollon tribes started integrating with each other • Started living in large, apartment like adobe houses • By 1350, their cultures were dwindling: due to environmental factors (drought) • 1600, a completely new breed of tribes inhabited the area, and were encountered by the Spanish

49. Mound Builders • Lived in the Eastern part of the U.S.--mainly the Mississippi valley area • Three major groups: • Adena • Hopewell • Mississippians • These groups built large, earthen structures--some in shapes of mounds, others serpent-like

50. Adena/Hopewell Map