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Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering. The process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. Can be done in a variety of different ways. Manipulating DNA Cell Transformation Transgenics Cloning. Selective Breeding.

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Genetic Engineering

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  1. Genetic Engineering

  2. Genetic Engineering • The process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. • Can be done in a variety of different ways. • Manipulating DNA • Cell Transformation • Transgenics • Cloning

  3. Selective Breeding • Selective breedingtakes advantage of naturally occurring genetic variations in organisms, to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms. • Nearly all domestic animals-including horses, cats, and farm animals as well as most crop plants have been produced by selective breeding.

  4. Transgenic Organisms • These organisms contain genes that have been selected from one species and specifically inserted into another species.

  5. Cloning • A clone is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. • First mammal cloned: Dolly the sheep. • Researchers hope that cloning will enable them to; save or reproduce endangered or extinct species, clone human organs. • Cloning has raised serious ethical and moral issues .

  6. Karyotype • Scientists take pictures of chromosomes and pair those chromosomes together to determine the passing of genes.

  7. Tools of Genetic Engineering • DNA Extraction- The remove of DNA from a cell. • Cutting DNA- enzymes cut DNA at specific places. • Separating DNA-Used to separate DNA fragments • Gel Electrophoresis. • Copying DNA-Used to replicate DNA. • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Primers(pieces of DNA) are placed on each end of a piece of DNA to tell the polymerase where to bind and start replicating the DNA segment.

  8. Pedigree • A pedigree is a chart which shows the genetic relationships within a family, can be used to track genetic traitsand disorders.

  9. DNA Fingerprinting • The analysis of sections of DNA that have no known function, but vary widely from person to person and can be used to identify individuals. • Human Genome Project • The sequencing of human DNA. • Gene Therapy • A process that can be used fix or replace faulty genes with a normal working gene.

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