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BASIC GROUP PROCESS / INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION. N 311 Communication in Nursing Unit D. Definition: Group. Webster: A number of individuals assembled together or having common interests. May be single meeting or series of meetings
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BASIC GROUP PROCESS / INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION N 311 Communication in Nursing Unit D
Definition: Group • Webster: A number of individuals assembled together or having common interests. • May be single meeting or series of meetings • Two or more people forming a complete unit collective perception of unity. • Members must have ability to act in collective manner toward perceive need and goal
Various Types of Groups • Work group • Social group • Educational group • Religious group • Treatment group • Support group • Community group • Governing group
Roles of ParticipantsDemocratic Roles • Initiator • Orientor • Facilitator • Encourager • Harmonizer • Summarizer • Fact-Seeker • Fact-giver
Roles of ParticipantsDemocratic Roles • Compromiser • Expeditor • Spokesman • Status-Role • Recorder • Evaluator • Analyzer
Roles of ParticipantsDominative roles • Aggressor • Blocker • Recognition – seeker • Dodger • Playboy/Playgirl • Dominator • Help-seeker • Special-Interest Pleader • Blamer • Monopolizer
Behaviors of Healthy Group • Members speak up • Decisions discussed general consensus • Well-informed members ideas • Member’s value judged on merit • All members handle questions/ concerns • Major issues mature approaches • Major issues = major time
Behaviors of Healthy Group(cont) • Minor issues = attention as needed • Understanding each other’s ideas, plans, & proposals • Objectives centered on goals and tasks • Decisions – participation, final, satisfaction • Performance of tasks = achievement of goals
Behaviors of Healthy Group(cont) • Members set goals work toward change • Rewards & criticisms are shared • Initiative & responsibility • Ability to seek help • Group feedback • Respect for each member • Experience growth in responsibility • Action group related
Behaviors of Sick Group • Talking done by few members • Most members mumble assent • Competent member(s) silent • New people – not heard • Decision-making committees • Minor & simple issues anger • Minor issues - major time • Major issues – minimal time
Behaviors of Sick Group (cont) • Discussion of subjects that were already settled • Quick judgments w/o understanding • Scapegoating • Accomplishment minimal w/o chairperson • Afraid of change
Behaviors of Sick Group (cont) • Rewards & criticisms concentrated on specific few • Dependence - initiative & responsibility • Resources outside of group minimal • Minimal communication to members • Member’s value not respected • Action remains static; lacks growth and expansion • Action is self-centered
Productivity of Group • Clear purpose • Freedom for members to contribute • Plan clearly defined roles • Responsibility clearly defined • Mutual & constructive criticism progress group purpose • Strengthening of personal worth
Productivity of Group • Minds open to change • Friendly, responsible, appreciative, participative atmosphere • Tasks performed wholehearted cooperation, mutual respect • Personal satisfaction from achievement by all • Respect and value for personalities
Productivity of Group • Activity of group goal oriented, task-centered & person related. • Satisfaction for each member provides for personal growth • Members feel worthwhile
Principles of Group Satisfaction • Respect for individual integrity • Member support of contribution • Avoidance of“being used”or “taken advantage of” • Rotation of responsibilities opportunity to experience roles and exercise initiatives
Principles of Group Satisfaction • Open channels of communication • Continuous evaluation of purpose • Evaluation of member role, performance, and degree of member expectation • Respect for group, it’s purpose and actions
Principles of Group Satisfaction • Induction, orientation of new members in satisfying roles for effective participation • Member opportunity to explore new or various interests that differ from routine • Encouragement of leadership member discover self-potential
Principles of Group Satisfaction • Progressive development of skills and knowledge • Recognition of good performance w/ sincere appreciation • Planning when group relationship ends
5 Stages of Group Development(Tuckman) • Forming • Storming • Norming • Performing • Adjourning
Civility in Nursing • Mutual respect • People feel valued • Duty to be civil does not require us to like the other person or team members • Resolve differences respectfully
Incivility • Rude • Disruptive • Intimidating • Taunting • Racial/ethnic slurs • Undesirable behaviors directed toward another person
Strategies to Promote Civility • Know your triggers • Assess your own behavior • Don’t jump to conclusions or assume you know another’s motives • Walk in the other person shoes • Resist listening to gossip • Resist looking for someone to blame Source: American Nurses Association
Strategies to Promote Civility • Take the “temperature” of your unit • Listen more, talk less • Seek common ground • Go out of your way to say thank you • When you receive credit for something, spread the credit to those who helped you • Make it safe for other’s to approach you
Intervention: Cognitive Rehearsal • Rehearsed direct responses • I see from your expression there is something....... • I learn most from people who communicate directly.. • When things are different from what I learned..... • It is my understanding that there was more information....... • I don’t feel right talking about this.... • I don’t feel right talking about him/her.... Griffin, 2004
Intervention: Cognitive Rehearsal Continued • "Maybe you aren't aware of it, Beth, but I'm having a problem with your comments, and I would like you to stop." • "It's difficult for me to focus on what I'm doing, when you are constantly commenting on my performance."
Professional Communication Skills : Patient Safety • CUS-Concerned, Uncomfortable, Safety • To advocate for patient • To advocate for self • Two challenge rule • Check back
Professional Communication Skills • ISBAR • Everything, anything for practice • Your car: • Introduction – Identify yourself (name, role, location) • Situation – What type of car are you in right now? • Background – How did you get in your current car (precipitating factor)? • Assessment – What is the current state of your car? • Recommendation – What is the next step in your car journey?
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