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Some examples of Bad design

Some examples of Bad design. Example 1. For the bell to ring,  the timer must be turned to  greater than 15 minutes, and then set to the  appropriate time Not very Intuitive!!!. Both sides of the  refrigerator are  identical •There is no handle on  the front

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Some examples of Bad design

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  1. Some examples of Bad design

  2. Example 1 • For the bell to ring,  the timer must be turned to  greater than 15 minutes, and then set to the  appropriate time • Not very Intuitive!!!

  3. Both sides of the  refrigerator are  identical •There is no handle on  the front • How do you open the fridge

  4. Imperceptible!!! • What is this sign telling motorists to do?

  5. Check out • http://www.baddesigns.com/examples.html

  6. Difficulties using Every Day Products

  7. Estimated Numbers with Functional Difficulty in the UK • Dexterity – 1.7 Million • Reaching and Stretching – 1.2 Million • Manipulating and Gripping- 0.3 Million • Lifting and Transporting – 0.6 Million

  8. Difficulties with Everyday Products

  9. Difficulties with Kettles • Manipulation and gripping 273,000 • Lifting and transporting 615,000

  10. Manipulation

  11. 1 Cleaning solution 2 Washing up liquid 3 Soup tin 4 Sugar 5 Washing powder/liquid 6 Tin of tuna 7 Butter 8 Milk 9 Microwave meal packaging 10 Bread packaging 11 Tea bag 12 Instant soup packaging 13 Meat tin 14 Plastic bottle 15 Toothpaste 16 Cereal packaging 17 Cheese packaging 18 Jam jar 19 Shoe polish tin The order of difficulty of packaging products (1 being the easiest) is shown in the table below:

  12. 1 Cleaning solution 2 Microwave meal packaging 3 Instant soup packaging 4 Soup tin 5 Washing powder/liquid 6 Sugar 7 Milk 8 Washing up liquid 9 Bread packaging 10 Butter 11 Tea bag 12 Tin of tuna 13 Plastic bottle 14 Cheese packaging 15 Meat tin 16 Toothpaste 17 Shoe polish 18 Cereal packaging 19 Jam jar Gripping

  13. 1 Shoe polish 2 Tin of tuna 3 Tea bag 4 Instant soup packaging 5 Meat tin 6 Cleaning solution 7 Butter 8 Bread packaging 9 Cheese packaging 10 Plastic bottle 11 Milk 12 Jam jar 13 Toothpaste 14 Cereal packaging 15 Soup tin 16 Washing powder/liquid 17 Sugar 18 Microwave meal packaging 19 Washing Lifting

  14. Transporting • Packaging products - transporting • Products excluded from the list because of small sample numbers include; • • No excluded products • 34 • 1 Cleaning solution • 2 Tea bag • 3 Instant soup packaging • 4 Toothpaste • 5 Milk • 6 Bread packaging • 7 Cereal packaging • 8 Plastic bottle • 9 Tin of tuna • 10 Jam jar • 11 Butter • 12 Washing powder/liquid • 13 Microwave meal packaging • 14 Sugar • 15 Washing up liquid

  15. Capacity Demands(Capability Demands Clarkson) V

  16. Looking at the above milk bottle designs: • Each bottle design demands that the user has a capacity to perform a vertical lift by gripping the handle with a closed fist grasp. We see that the bottles on the left will allow a greater range of hand sizes get a proper grip on the handle for lifting since it gives greater clearance dimension between handle and jug

  17. In other words the structure of each bottle implies the user must have particular hand dimensions in order to manipulate the bottle • Thus each bottle places different demands on the user attributes. • If these demands are not met then the bottle cannot be used. • This conflict is the essence of how capacity demands define the guards of our petri nets

  18. The above is an example of an object capacity demand. • There are other kinds of capacity demands based around action • These must be measured against the personal capacities of the agent and the attributes of the environment • This is summarised in the following

  19. Capacity Demands Action and Objects Agent Capacities,Environmental Factors, State Attributes

  20. More formally

  21. Transition Guard representing Barriers ( in terms of Capability Demands) Incoming Tokens representing Person and State Action Capability Demands State Person Capability Tokens Object Capability Demands Environment Attribute Tokens Environmental Demands

  22. Capacity Demands And Assistive Technology • Action and objects place capacity demands on people and environment. • For example using a standard kettle involves a capacity demand of being able to perform a vertical lift of up to 1 kg(which is the weight of the kettle when full with water), one handed using a closed fist grip. • Assistive Technology changes the relation between personal and environmental capacities and the capacity demands of the action being executed. • This relationship is represented by the guard of the CPN • This is shown in the following example

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