FALL SEMESTER 2012 Semester Exam Review

1. FALL SEMESTER 2012Semester Exam Review

2. Why did the policy of treating the Great Plains as a huge Indian reservation change? White settlers began wanting the land on the Plains. Native Americans refused to remain on the Plains. Native American populations decreased and needed less land. The Plains failed to meet the needs of Native American peoples.

3. What was central to the life and culture of the Plains Indians in the 1800s? • the horse • land ownership • the extended family • the buffalo

4. Most Native Americans responded to restrictions placed upon them by the U.S. government by • abiding by signed treaties • ignoring the restrictions. • moving from their lands. • seeking monetary compensation.

5. Why did little of the free land offered by the Homestead Act end up being claimed by settlers? • The land was too difficult to farm. • Few settlers wanted to move West at the time. • Most of it was taken by people seeking profits. • The government put too many restrictions on its use.

6. Bimetallism would allow for the exchange of paper currency for • silver only. • gold only. • neither gold nor silver. • either gold or silver.

7. Which of the following was most responsible for bringing an end to the era of the wide-open western frontier? • the railroad • barbed wire • sheep ranching • bonanza farming

8. The main purpose of the company known as Crédit Mobilier was to • build the transcontinental railroad. • steal railroad money for its shareholders. • obtain a monopoly of the railroad industry. • obtain political positions for its shareholders.

9. All of the following factors contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s except • a wealth of natural resources. • government support for business • a growing urban population. • the emergence of the middle class.

10. Which of the following most allowed manufacturers to build their factories away from rivers? • Electricity • steel beams • railroads • the telephone

11. The Sherman Antitrust Act • outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade. • was supported by millionaire industrialists. • was used by labor unions to fight for workers' rights. • encouraged the establishment of large-scale businesses.

12. What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s? • cheap electric power • fire safety standards • the invention of the elevator • new methods of making steel

13. Social Darwinism was used to justify all of the following except • the existence of poverty. • the success of big business. • the power of millionaire industrialists. • government regulation of business.

14. Vertical integration, a business strategy used by steel mogul Andrew Carnegie, involves • buying out raw material producers and distributors. • merging with companies producing similar products • forming trusts. • using new methods to increase production.

15. The use of standardized time and time zones was introduced in order to benefit • telephone and telegraph operators. • railroad companies and train travelers. • manufacturers who dealt in interstate trade • factory owners whose workers had set schedules.

16. Why was Pullman, Illinois, an unusual town? • It had one main industry. • It specialized in a regional product. • It owed its prosperity to the railroads. • It was built by a company to house its workers.

17. Which of the following did Social Darwinism discourage? • hard work • Industrialization • government regulation • the accumulation of wealth

18. In which of the following places did 146 female workers die in a fire? • Haymarket Square • the Pullman factory • the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory • Carnegie Steel's Homestead Plant

19. What did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s? • Corruption • Monopolies • Competition • interstate commerce

20. Which of the following resulted from the investigation of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire? • the imprisonment of company officials • the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act • the adoption of equal wages for men and women • changes in local labor laws for women and children

21. What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act? • to build new railroads • to destroy the railroad industry • to lower excessive railroad rates • to increase the power of railroads

22. The main goal of the Americanization movement was to • limit the number of immigrants entering the country. • assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture. • improve the living conditions in America's largest cities. • encourage people to move from the country to the city.

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24. Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by • new immigrants. • social reformers. • political machines. • industrial workers.

25. The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called • nativism. • civil service. • gentlemen's agreement. • graft.

26. Which of the following issues prompted the assassination of President Garfield? • Tariffs • Kickbacks • Immigration • civil service reform

27. What is the main purpose of patronage? • to increase government fund • to increase government efficiency • to reward one's supporters • to avoid concentrating power in one individual or group

28. Tammany Hall was the name of • a famous settlement house. • a New York Customs House. • a New York City political machine. • the federal courthouse in New York City.

29. Which of the following is an example of graft? • using a cartoon to illustrate political fraud • saying a project cost more than it did and keeping the difference for yourself • choosing your friends for political offices • using the threat of force to get people to vote for a particular candidate

30. An example of patronage would be • bribing a government official. • assassinating a public official. • saying one thing and doing another. • appointing a friend to a political position.

31. Which of the following does not describe a typical supporter of a political machine? • Poor • Urban • factory worker • opposed to immigration

32. The Pendleton Civil Service Act required • applicants for government jobs to pass examinations. • native-born Americans to treat immigrants with courtesy. • government workers to renounce all party loyalties. • cities to provide services such as clean water to their residents.

33. The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to • decrease Chinese immigration. • create segregated classrooms. • settle a disagreement between China and the United States. • stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the United States.

34. The main immigration processing station in San Francisco was called • Ellis Island. • Tammany Hall. • Angel Island. • Hull House.

35. The factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was • racism. • poverty. • language differences. • transportation problems.

36. Southern states sometimes used a grandfather clause to allow them to • keep uneducated whites from exercising their right to vote. • distinguish between recent immigrants and longtime citizens. • keep African Americans from voting while allowing whites to do so. • deny voting rights to African Americans who passed the literacy test.

37. Cities in the late 19th century expanded with the development of all of the following except • subways. • skyscrapers. • airplanes. • suspension bridges.

38. Skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of • safer fire escapes. • larger bricks and stronger cement. • the elevator and a steel framework. • the airplane and the bicycle.

39. Who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society? • W. E. B. Du Bois • Ida B. Wells • Booker T. Washington • William Torrey Harris

40. Which of the following did not keep African Americans in the South from voting • poll taxes • grandfather clauses • the separate-but-equal doctrine • literacy tests

41. How did George Eastman contribute to an explosion in the popularity of photography? • by taking photographs of the Wright brothers' first flight at Kitty Hawk • by inventing a camera that was larger and heavier than most • by inventing a camera that could develop pictures on the spot • by inventing a camera that used roll film instead of heavy glass plates

42. In the Southwest, many Mexicans earned a living as • railroad workers and agricultural laborers. • small business owners. • dockworkers and canal diggers. • household servants and mail carriers.

43. Jim Crow laws were laws that • separated the races. • denied citizenship to Asian immigrants. • taxed voters. • promoted discrimination against women.

44. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that • lynching was a federal crime. • school segregation was unconstitutional. • voting rights could not be tied to any form of tax. • racial segregation in public facilities was legal.

45. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except • protecting social welfare. • promoting business monopolies. • creating economic reform. • fostering efficiency in the workplace.

46. Muckrakers were • politicians. • conservationists. • suffragists. • journalists.

47. A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as • a recall. • an initiative. • a referendum. • an amendment.

48. Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? • party bosses • ordinary citizens • state legislators • industrial leaders

49. Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? • to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors • to eliminate the use of alcohol in society • to reduce accidents in the workplace • to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors

50. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as • servants. • teachers. • clerks. • telephone operators.