Urbanization

1. Effects of Industrialization Urbanization

2. City building and the movement of people to cities Some cities (Glasgow and Berlin) tripled and quadrupled What is Urbanization?

3. 1700s – Britain was primarily a rural country • 1851 – More lived in cities than the countryside • Pace of Industrialization quickened in Britain • Factory system – manufacturing goods in a central location • Factories developed in clusters. Why? • Entrepreneurs built them near sources of energy Industrialization Changes Ways of Life

4. London – Britain’s capital and Europe’s largest city in 1800 (1 million people) • Population exploded in the 1800s • New cities challenged London’s industrial leadership • Birmingham and Sheffield became iron-smelting centers • Leeds and Manchester dominated textile manufacturing Growth of Industrial Cities

5. Formed the center of Britain’s bustling cotton industry Case Study: Manchester

6. Population Growth

7. Using Manchester’s population growth as an example, what could be the advantages and disadvantages of such rapid growth? • Provide two examples for the advantages and two examples for the disadvantages • Describe Manchester in relation to one of the 5 themes of Geography Peer Discussion

8. No sanitary codes or building controls • Lack of adequate housing, education, and police protection • Lack of running water and indoor plumbing • Frequent epidemics sweeping through slums • Ex. Cholera • Eventually, better housing, healthier diets, and cheaper clothing Living Conditions

9. Created new jobs for workers Workers trying to keep pace with machines Factories dirty and unsanitary Workers running dangerous machines for long hours Harsh, severe factory discipline Eventually, higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions Working Conditions

10. Not everyone in the new cities lived miserably • A new class emerged – the middle class • A social class of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers • Upper class of landowners and aristocrats resentful of rich middle class • Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers • Workers overworked and underpaid Class Tensions

11. Upper Class Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Working Class Do these social classes still exist today? In what ways? Social Classes

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W3-l1VE2hw Current Events: China’s Population Problems

13. You are a cartoonist the a London newspaper during the Industrial Revolution and feel troubled by the different problems that are happening as a result of this “revolution.” Your newspaper editor has asked you to create a political cartoon (cartoons that convey a message in humorous and/or thought-provoking ways) that highlights a condition or problem associated with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Some problems you may choose to illustrate are: the pollution of the air, the hierarchy of social classes, the dangerous conditions in the factories, and the crowded living conditions. Remember: Cartoons should combine both drawings and text Political Cartoons - Assignment

14. Political Cartoons