“Service Development Under ASEAN Economic Community”

1. “Service Development Under ASEAN Economic Community” Health and Education Fasli Jalal Chairperson of BKKBN

2. INDONESIA among ASEAN COUNTRIES

3. Basic Demographic Indication Demographic transition is taking place at among the fastest rates compared with other regions of the world, whether in terms of fertility reductions, population ageing, and rural-to-urban migration. Rapid epidemiological transition is also occurring, with the disease burden shifting from infectious to chronic diseases.

4. Availability of Health Workers in South East Asia Kanchanachitra C, Lindelow M, Johnston T, Hanvoravongchai P, Lorenzo FM, Huong NL,Wilopo SA, Rosa JF. Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages,distributional challenges, and international trade inhealth services. Lancet; 2011

6. Production of Health Workers in South East Asia Kanchanachitra C, Lindelow M, Johnston T, Hanvoravongchai P, Lorenzo FM, Huong NL,Wilopo SA, Rosa JF. Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages,distributional challenges, and international trade inhealth services. Lancet; 2011

7. Trade in Health Services Kanchanachitra C, Lindelow M, Johnston T, Hanvoravongchai P, Lorenzo FM, Huong NL,Wilopo SA, Rosa JF. Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages,distributional challenges, and international trade inhealth services. Lancet; 2011

8. Migration of ASEAN Health Workers Kanchanachitra C, Lindelow M, Johnston T, Hanvoravongchai P, Lorenzo FM, Huong NL,Wilopo SA, Rosa JF. Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages,distributional challenges, and international trade inhealth services. Lancet; 2011

9. Kebutuhan, Perkiraan Lulusandan Kekurangan/Kelebihan Tenaga Kesehatan Tahun 2014

10. Challenges : Human Resources of Health in Indonesia Incongruity of regulations for health education Geographic challenges Demographic challenges Incompatibility of Role & Functions of MoH & MoE

11. Healthcare in AEC 2015 Lim J. Healthcare & AEC 2015: framework for considering benefits and costs. Available at www.insightshealthassociates.com. Downloaded March 2014

12. Trade in Health Care Services • Two types of health care services: • Medical professional services • Health services by hospitals or other facilities (e.g. laboratory, ambulance) • Four modes of service trade: Hanvoravongchai P. ASEAN Community 2015: what is it all about. Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University.

13. Mutual Recognition Arrangement • Allows health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) certified in one ASEAN country to be recognized in other countries within certain conditions, such as: • Registration and certification by the regulatory authority of the country of origin • Active practice experience • Compliant with Continuing Professional Development • Free of professional ethical violation or any legal proceeding • Compliant with other assessment or requirement by host country Hanvoravongchai P. ASEAN Community 2015: what is it all about. Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University.

14. Goals of Mutual Recognition Agreements: • Encourage Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) • Meet short-term skill shortages • Facilitate upgrading of local population • Meet international commitments under GATS/FTA • Challenge: policies and regulatory frameworks affecting mobility of skilled labor flow Lim J. Healthcare & AEC 2015: framework for considering benefits and costs. Available at www.insightshealthassociates.com. Downloaded March 2014

15. Quality of System Health Education System Quality of Schools Accreditation System Quality of Graduates Certification System Strategic Steps : Continous Quality Improvement Quality of Practice Continuous Professional Development QUALITY CASCADE The Best Health Outcomes

16. Re-engineering Quality Culture 3 Paradigms of Reform • Standards of Education • Standards of Competencies • Academic paper of Education System • for each profession • Accreditation System • Competency Examination System • Indonesian Qualification Framework Partnership between government, professionals community & independent agencies Partnership among professions : education to services agent for maintaining sustainability Independent agency for accreditation & competency examination

17. < Year 2010 REGULATORY REFORM IN HEALTH HIGHER EDUCATION Year 2010 - 2014 > Year 2014 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PRE PROJECT POST PROJECT Education Sector Ministrial Decree : National HE Standards Govern. Decree : Primary Healthcare & Internship Arrangement Act No.20/2003 : National Education System Ministrial Decree : Quality Assurance System Act No.12/2012 : Higher Education Govern. Decree : Clinical Lecturer Act No.20/2005 : Teacher & Lecturer Ministrial Decree : Accreditation system Ministerial Decree : Medical Student Selection Ministrial Decree : Competence Certificate Government Decree No.19/2005 : National Education Standard Ministerial Decree : Medical Faculty Governance UU No.20/2013 : Medical Education Health Sector DGHE Decree : Student Quota Harmonization of higher education & health regulation Joint Decree (MoEC-MoH): Competency Examination Act No.29/2004 : Medical Practices Govern. Decree : Teaching Hospital Joint Decree (MoEC-MoH): Transfer of academic coaching for the instititutions under MoH to MoEC Act No.36/2009 : Health Health Worforce Act Act No.44/2009 : Hospital Joint Decree (MoEC-MoH): Teaching Hospital for Public Universities Nursing Act

18. Road Map from Quality Education into Services : Lessons Learned from Medicine Stakeholder Roles & Authorities & Legal Aspects Letter of Registration (STR) Letter of License (SIP) Professional Certificate & Competency Certificate Academic diploma & Professional diploma Medical Practice Decree • Higher Education Decree • Medical Education Decree Medical Faculty Professional Organization Government Indonesian Medical Council Independent Agency of Accreditation & Competency Examination

19. Regulations on Foreign Ownership in the Healthcare Sector of each ASEAN Country • Indonesia Foreign equity share limit in hospital services, clinics of specialist doctors, clinic laboratories and medical check-up clinics is 67%.

20. SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE • The 12th ASEAN Summit in January 2007- Cebu Declaration on the Acceleration of the Establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015. • This process is set up to achieve the noble target in enduring solidarity and unity among the nations and peoples of ASEAN. • “Education is the pre-eminent source of economic development in the 21st century, creating more and higher quality jobs and bolstering economic growth”. (20th APEC Economic Leaders’ Declaration: Annex D Promoting Cross-Border Education Cooperation)

21. I. ROAD MAP for the DEVELOPMENT of ASEAN QUALIFICATION REFERENCE FRAMEWORK Adoption of the Cha-Am HuaHin Declaration-2009 • DEVELOP national skills framework as an incremental approach towards an ASEAN skills recognition framework; • PROMOTE greater mobility of students; • SUPPORT greater mobility of skilled workers; • DEVELOP an ASEAN competency-based occupational standard aimed at supporting the development of ASEAN human resources that are regionally and globally competitive; • ENCOURAGE the development of a common standard of competencies for vocational and secondary education as a base for promoting mutual recognition.

22. ASEAN QUALIFICATIONS REFERENCE FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVES: development of infrastructure in the form of Regional common reference frameworks that enable: • deepen integration and harmonization by strengthening mutual trust and cooperation among ASEAN nations • create a common identity; • support and inform reform in individual countries, providing guidance and promoting good international policy and practice in HRD; • Facilitate transparency and commonality of multiple complex systems; mobility of workers and students; • support economic imperatives such as removal of barriers to trade by promoting labour market mobility with fair recognition of competencies and reduction of barriers to the mutual recognition of the skills and qualifications. Bateman&Cole-2013; David Lythe-2013

23. Time Line of AQRF Development The 12th ASEAN Summit in January 2007- Cebu Declaration on the Acceleration of the Establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015 Establishment of AQRF Board Sectoral implementation The creation of the free flow of skilled labour through ‘harmonisation and standardisation Formation of MRAs 2015 2007 2005 AQRF 2012- 2013 2011 1995 2018 2014 The ASEAN Framework Arrangement on Services (AFAS) of 1995 the ANNZFTA Qualifications Reference Framework Forum held in late April 2011 Referencing Processes is concluded Oct 12- concept paper of AQRF March 2013 draft outlines of AQRF

24. IQF Level Improvement Through Different Pathways Tools for cooperation and partnership S-3 Expert S-2 OCCUPATIONAL PATHWAYS IN INDUSTRY OR WORK PLACE 9 EDUCATION GRADES OR LEVELS + S-1 D-4 8 Technician D-3 D-2 7 D-1 Operator Yr-12 6 Yr-11 5 4 Professional 3 Time of individual experience or self learning VOCATIONAL & PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION 2 INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE OR SELF LEARNING Vocational 1

25. II. Strategic Alliances among ASEAN Universities • Specific Educational Program(s) based on Strategic Alliances is required to be operated under national and international laws. • Strategic Alliances should be engaged based on these five principles: • Prioritizing the national development • Equal and mutual respect • Highest value addition to a Quality improvement • Sustainable • Diversity

26. Types ofSpecific Educational Program(s) based on Strategic Alliances Degree awarding programs: Joint Degree (Program GelarBersama) Double degrees (Program GelarGanda) 2 types of Double Degree programs Acceleration or fast track Regular

27. Operating Modes • Credit Transfer(Program Pemindahan Kredit) & Credit Earnings (Program Perolehan Kredit); • Twinning (Program Kembaran) • Joint Supervision (Program Pembimbingan Bersama dalam Penelitian); • Student and/or Staff Exchanges (Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa dan/atau Dosen)

28. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE’S COMMITMENT FOR AFAS 8

29. Universities throughout the world, including those in South-East Asia, will no longer be the sole producer and disseminator of knowledge amid the emergence of multiple competitors such as corporate universities, research institutes, industrial laboratories, think tanks and various kinds of consultancies. • Greater cross-border provision through transnational education expansion and the concentration of research expertise and funding will ensure that this area will continue to be of interest and concern to higher education providers and policy makers.

30. South-East Asian higher education institutions face multiple challenges. How well they redefine and reinvent themselves to suit the changing societal needs in the era of globalization is critical for their development and future. • There is a need for greater cooperation and collective effort in tackling the challenges of making higher education more relevant and competitive within the global knowledge economy.

31. Universities also have a role to play in promoting inclusive multiculturalism and universal values. This has become even more significant given the greater polarization of communities and religions around the region and the world. • Student and academic mobility and exchange can serve to share a greater sense of cross-cultural understanding and tolerance among ASEAN member countries and communities.

32. Thank You Together We Can HPEQ DIKTI