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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chemical Pathways. Calorie - the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. “C”- Kilocalorie - 1,000 little calories, which is used on food labels 1g of glucose, when burned with releases 3811 calories

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Chemical Pathways • Calorie- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. • “C”- Kilocalorie - 1,000 little calories, which is used on food labels • 1g of glucose, when burned with releases 3811 calories • The process that begins this release of energy in cell is called glycolysis.

  3. Organisms get energy from the food they eat, but the energy contained in foods varies greatly. Most foods contain a combination of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. One gram of protein or a carbohydrate such as glucose contains roughly 4 Calories. One gram of fat, however, contains about 9 Calories. The accompanying table shows the approximate composition of one serving of some common foods.

  4. 1. Per serving, which of the foods included in the table has the most protein? Which has the most carbohydrates? Which has the most fat?

  5. 2. Approximately how many more Calories are there in 2 slices of bacon than there are in 3 slices of roasted turkey? Why is there a difference?

  6. 3. Walking at a moderate pace consumes around 300 Calories per hour. At that rate, how many minutes would you have to walk to burn the Calories in one chocolate bar? (Hint: Start by calculating the number of Calories consumed per minute by walking.)

  7. Glycolysis • The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3- carbon compound. • Releases only a small amount of energy. • The presence of oxygen determines which pathway is taken to release the energy • Occurs in the cytoplasm

  8. Overview of Cellular Respiration • the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen • It occurs in the Mitochondria

  9. Overall Chemical Equation 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Or Oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + energy

  10. Cellular Respiration – use pg 222 Cytoplasm

  11. There are three process that make up cellular respiration in the presence of Oxygen. • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain • If it occurred all at once all the energy would be released at once, and most would be lost as heat and light. So it put into steps to release the energy in smaller amounts.

  12. 1. The Process of Glycolysis Glucose Remember this is the energy of the cell! 2 ATP 2 ADP Electron Carrier 2 Pyruvic Acids 2 NAD+ 4 ADP Uses Oxygen 4ATP 2 NADH 2 Pyruvic Acids Aerobic Respiration Doesn’t use Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration

  13. 2.The Krebs Cycle • Also known as the citric acid cycle • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix • Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make • Carbon dioxide • NADH • ATP • FADH2 • 4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy • CO2 is released from the cell

  14. 3. Electron Transport Chain • The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP. • Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and is composed of a series of carrier proteins. • Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC. • 30 ATP are produced in the end

  15. Electron Transport Chain

  16. The Totals Grand Total

  17. Cellular Respiration withoutOxygen • Fermentation is the process of releasing energy from food by producing ATP without Oxygen (anaerobic). • Occurs after Glycolysis • Two types • Alcoholic fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation

  18. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast and few other microorganisms • Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide gas as wastes.

  19. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes • Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid • When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly. • Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation. • Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.

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