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Welcome To Chemistry Class

Welcome To Chemistry Class. Mahua Chakraborty. States Of Matter. Three physical states of Matter Solid: Anything having fixed volume and shape. The particles that make up the matter are held tightly in a rigid structure. They vibrate only slightly.

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Welcome To Chemistry Class

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  1. WelcomeTo Chemistry Class Mahua Chakraborty

  2. States Of Matter • Three physical states of Matter • Solid: Anything having fixed volume and shape. The particles that make up the matter are held tightly in a rigid structure. They vibrate only slightly. • Liquid: Have fixed volume but variable shape. The particles in a liquid are not held rigidly. The volume remains the same. • Gases: Have no fixed shape nor volume. They are not strongly attracted to one another.

  3. States of matter

  4. Reactant and Product The starting materials in a reaction is called as reactant. • A chemical produced as a result of a chemical reaction is the product.

  5. Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and volume. • Mass is the quantity of matter in that object. • Volume is the space the object occupies.

  6. Mass Mass is the amount of matter. Mass does not change with a body's position, movement or alteration of its shape unless material is added or removed. F= ma F=force (N) m=mass(kg) a=acceleration(m/s2) Weight Weight is the gravitational force acting on a body mass. Weight changes depending on the gravity. w=mg W=weight m=mass g=gravity(m/s2) Mass and Weight

  7. Difference in mass and weight.

  8. Problem • A car's mass is 1,644 kg. What is the weight of the car? g=9.8m/s2

  9. Properties of matter • Mass, volume and density are the 3 properties of matter. • Density=Mass/Volume

  10. Physical And Chemical Properties • Any property of matter that can be measured without changing its chemical nature. • Chemical properties are often observed when matter reacts.

  11. Physical and Chemical Change • A physical change affects only physical properties. • Example boiling water, melting ice • Chemical change results in a new substance. • Examples reacting hydrogen and oxygen results in the formation of water. Evolution of gas, formation of a precipitate.

  12. ExperimentChemical Change • Place a few small marble chips (calcium carbonate) in a petri dish. • Add 5% vinegar to cover the chips.

  13. Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction • Reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions. • Photosynthesis is an example of an endothermic chemical reaction. In this process, plants use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This reaction requires 15MJ of energy (sunlight) for every kilogram of glucose that is produced: • sunlight + 6CO2(g) + H2O(l) = C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)

  14. A reaction that releases energy is called as exothermic reaction. • An example of an exothermic reaction is the mixture of sodium and chlorine to yield table salt. This reaction produces 411 kJ of energy for each mole of salt that is produced: • 2Na(s) + Cl2(s) = NaCl(s)

  15. ExperimentStates Of Matter • Put 8 drops of phenolphthalein solution in a 600ml beaker. • Add 200ml of 0.25M NaOH solution to the beaker containing the dye. • Add 1M HCl to the beaker and stir the solution till it turns clear again. • Add more NaOH to the beaker until it turns pink again. Continue adding acid and base until the beaker is full.

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