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PHP

PHP. Introduction. History. Conceived in fall of 1994 PHP Version 1 in spring 1995 PHP Version 2 1995-1997 PHP Version 3 1997-2000 PHP Version 4 in Q2 2000 PHP Version 5 in Q2 2004 PHP Version 6 (still in planning) Development is a Community Effort. Statistics. PHP Usage.

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PHP

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  1. PHP Introduction

  2. History • Conceived in fall of 1994 • PHP Version 1 in spring 1995 • PHP Version 2 1995-1997 • PHP Version 3 1997-2000 • PHP Version 4 in Q2 2000 • PHP Version 5 in Q2 2004 • PHP Version 6 (still in planning) • Development is a Community Effort

  3. Statistics

  4. PHP Usage Version 5 97.7% Version 4 2.3% Version 3 less than 0.1% W3Techs.com, 3 March 2014 Percentages of websites using various versions of PHP

  5. Platforms Platforms (current): UNIX (all variants) Win32 (NT/W95/W98/W2000) QNX MacOS (WebTen) OSX OS/2 BeOS Platforms (experimental): OS/390 AS/400 Server Interfaces: Apache module (UNIX,Win32) CGI fhttpd module ISAPI module (IIS, Zeus) NSAPI module (Netscape iPlanet) Java servlet AOLServer Roxen module thttpd module Server Interfaces Experimental): Apache 2.0 module

  6. Embedding HTML Embedding SGML style: <? code ?> XML style: <?php code ?> ASP style: <% code %> Javascript style: <script language="php"> code </script> <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Search results for "<?php print $query; ?>"</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> Traditional CGI programming #!/usr/bin/perl print "<HTML><HEAD>\n"; print " <TITLE>Search results for \"$query\"</TITLE>\n"; print "</HEAD>\n"; print "<BODY>\n";

  7. Switching modes Syntax and switching modes: <? if(strstr($HTTP_USER_AGENT,"MSIE")) { ?> <b>You are using Internet Explorer</b> <? } else { ?> <b>You are not using Internet Explorer</b> <? } ?> Output: You are not using Internet Explore

  8. Form Handeling <form action="action.php" method="POST"> Your name: <input type=text name=name><br> You age: <input type=text name=age><br> <input type=submit> </form> Action.php Hi <?echo $name?>. You are <?echo $age?> years old.

  9. C-like Syntax <? for ($loop = -5; $loop < 5; $loop++) { if ($i < 0) { echo "-"; } elseif ($i > 0) { echo "+"; } echo "$loop<BR>\n"; } while(--$loop) { switch($i % 2) { case 0: echo "Even<BR>\n"; break; case 1: echo "Odd<BR>\n"; break; } } do { echo "$loop<BR>"; } while (++$loop < 10); ?>

  10. Data types Basic data types numbers (integers and real) Decimal 1234, Octal 0777, Hex 0xff strings Double-quoted "abc", single-quoted 'abc' booleans true,false Dynamic typing Don't have to declare types Automatic conversion done Example <? echo 5 + "1.5" + "10e2"; ?> Output: 1006.5

  11. Arrays Ordered Arrays: <? $a[0] = 1; $a[1] = "foo"; $a[] = 1.57; ?> Associative Arrays: <? $catch_it['cat'] = "mouse"; $catch_it['dog'] = "cat"; ?> Manipulating Sorting: sort(), rsort(), ksort(), usort(), array_multisort() Traversal: reset(), end(), next(), each(), current(), key(), array_walk() Advanced: array_diff(), array_intersect(), array_merge(), array_merge_recursive(), array_slice(), array_splice() and lots more...

  12. Array Manipulation <?$arr = array(1,'foo',1.57,'cat'=>'mouse','dog'=>'mailman');?> <? PHP 3: while(list($k,$v)=each($arr)){ PHP 4: foreach( $arr as $k=>$v ) { echo "\$arr[$k] = $v<br>\n"; } ?> current($arr) 1 next($arr) foo current($arr) foo prev($arr) 1 end($arr) mailman current($arr) mailman key($arr) dog reset($arr) 1 each($arr) array(0,1) each($arr) array(1,'foo') each($arr) array(2,1.57) Output: $arr[0] = 1 $arr[1] = foo $arr[2] = 1.57 $arr[cat] = mouse $arr[dog] = mailman

  13. User functions <? function log_data($user, &$data) { mysql_query("INSERT INTO userdata VALUES ('". uniqid()."', '$user', '$data')"); } ?> Pass by reference <? log_data($PHP_AUTH_USER, $data); ?> Default values <? function header($title="Default Title") {?> <HTML><HEAD><TITLE> <? echo $title ?> </TITLE></HEAD><BODY><? } ?>

  14. OOP <?class Cart { var $items; function add_item($artnr, $num) { $this->items[$artnr] += $num; } } ?> Inheriting a class with a Constructor <?class NamedCart extends Cart { var $owner; function NamedCart($name) { $this->owner = $name; } } ?> Invocation: <? $cart = new NamedCart("PenguinGear"); $cart->add_item(170923, 2);?>

  15. Date/Time Functions Date Format Definition a Prints am or pm (lowercase A Prints AM or PM (uppercase) d Prints numerical day of month with leading zeros (01,02,….) D Prints day of week as 3 letter abbrev (Mon, Tue…) F Prints name of Month (January, February…) h Prints hout in 12 hour format H Prints hour in 24 hour format i Prints the minutes (00-59) j Prints day of month, no leading zeros l Prints day of week (Monday, Tuesday…) m Prints number of the month (1 to 12) M Prints 3 char, abbrev of month (Jan, Feb…) S Prints the suffix for day of month (st,nd,rd,th) U Prints number of seconds since Jan,1 1970 00:00:00 y Prints year as two digits Y Prints year as 4 digits z Prints out day of the year (222,303,350)

  16. Date/Time Functions $today = date(“M j, Y”); // Feb 11, 2002 $today = date(“F jS, Y”); // February 11th, 2002 $today = date(“D F d, h:ia”); // Mon February 11, 3:30 pm $today = date(“l F jS”); // Monday February 11th

  17. Date/Time functions <? echo date("M d, Y H:i:s", time()); ?> Sep 23, 2001 22:29:16 <? $dday = mktime(0, 0, 0, 7, 16, 2001); $diff = $dday - time(); $days = (int) ($diff / 86400); if ($days >= 1) { printf("Dmitry has been charged for %dday%s!<br>\n",$days,$days==1?'':'s'); } else { $hours = $diff / 3600; if ($hours >= 1) { printf("Dmitry has been in jail for %d hour%s!<br>\n",$hours,$hours==1?'':'s'); } else { echo "Dmitry is speaking at DefCon<BR>\n"; } } ?> Dmitry has been charged for 69 days! Converts between calendars (Julian, Gregorian, Mayan, etc)

  18. String Manipulation substr <? $str = "Fast String Manipulation"; echo substr($str,0,4) . substr($str,-9); ?> Fastipulation explode <? $a = explode(":", "This:string:has:delimiters."); while (list(,$value) = each($a)) { if (strcmp($value, "has") == 0) { echo "had "; } else echo $value." "; } ?> This string had delimiters.

  19. C-like file functions Reading from a file: <? $file = fopen("sample.txt", "r"); while (!feof($file)) { echo fgets($file, 1024), "<BR>"; } ?> Reading from a URL: <? $file = fopen("http://www.php.net/file.txt", "r"); ?> Writing to a file: <? $file = fopen("agent.log", "a"); fputs($file, $HTTP_USER_AGENT."\n"); ?>

  20. Sessions To start a session use session_start() and to register a variable in this session use session_register(). <?session_start(); session_register('my_var'); $my_var = 'Hello World'; You can check if a variable is already registered in a session using session_is_registered(): <?if (!session_is_registered("my_var")) { session_register("my_var"); } The $HTTP_SESSION_VARS array contains all the variables in the current session. If register_globals is enabled (which it is by default) then the session variables will automatically be available in the global namespace as well.

  21. Database Support SQL: Other: Adabas D Empress IBM DB2 Informix Ingres Interbase Frontbase mSQL Direct MS-SQL MySQL ODBC Ovrimos Oracle (OCI7,OCI8) PostgreSQL Raima Velocis Solid Sybase DB++ dBase filePro (read-only) dbm (ndbm, gdbm, Berkeley db)

  22. SQL Example PHP scripts that talk to databases all look similar to the code below. Connect to the database, select a database, send a query and loop through the results. <? mysql_pconnect("db.server.com","username","password"); mysql_select_db("products"); $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM details"); if ($result) { echo "<TABLE>\n"; echo "<TR><TH>Name</TH><TH>Description</TH></TR>\n"; while ($a = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "<TR><TD>$a[name]</TD>", "<TD>$a[descr]</TD></TR>"; } echo "</TABLE>"; } else { echo "<P>Nothing to see here."; } ?>

  23. DB Abstraction A database abstraction layer is bundled with PHP 4. In the example below, the only thing you would need to change to use a different database is the odbc word on the third line. <?php require_once 'DB.php'; $db = DB::connect('odbc://user:pw@host/mydb'); $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT * FROM comments'); $result = $db->execute($stmt); while($row = $db->fetchrow($result)) { while($row as $field => $value ) { echo "$field: $value<br>\n"; } } $db->disconnect(); ?>

  24. New in Version 4 Better OO (syntax fixes, op. overloading, superclass ref.) Modular, self-contained extensions Database abstraction layer (ala Perl's DBI) Reference counting Thread safe core More server modules through SAPI foreach() Output buffering Support for a real debugger Support for caching compiled code Support for an optimizer Java ties

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