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The Development of F eudalism in Japan

The Development of F eudalism in Japan. Heian to Tokugawa. The Imperial Court (AD 400-783). A Divine Emperor: The Spiritual Leader of Japan. Prior to AD 400, uji (clans) ruled separate areas of Japan One clan, Yamato, first emperor Emperor descendent of Sun Goddess

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The Development of F eudalism in Japan

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  1. The Development of Feudalism in Japan Heian to Tokugawa

  2. The Imperial Court (AD 400-783)

  3. A Divine Emperor: The Spiritual Leader of Japan • Prior to AD 400, uji(clans) ruled separate areas of Japan • One clan, Yamato, first emperor • Emperor descendent of Sun Goddess • Emperor more about religion than politics • Uji fought to be advisors

  4. Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court • Capital city of Nara based on Changan • Emperors want political and spiritual power • Prince Shotoku- government, calendar and legal ideas • Chinese characters • Chinese poetry • Architecture

  5. Taika Reforms (AD 646) • Introduced by Emperor Tenchi • Make government like the Tang Dynasty • Land reforms: all rice growing land became the emperor’s

  6. Refined Court Life During the Heian Period (AD 794-1185)

  7. Nobles Gain Power over the Imperial Family • Earned trust of emperor; became advisors • Married daughters to crown princes • In high-ranking posts • Shoen (tax-free estates) as gifts to nobles • Made role of emperor ceremonial

  8. The Refined Life of Court Nobles • Elegant appearance • Clothing and makeup • Restrained behavior • Rude to laugh with mouth open • Decorum • Letters folded properly • Leisure • Pastimes like Go

  9. The Rise of the Provincial Nobles • Rugged, independent, led private armies • More powerful as court nobles isolated themselves • Battled with each other for control of provinces

  10. The Rise of Feudalism and the Mongol Invasion (AD 1185-1333)

  11. Inside Japan • Battle for Government Control • Taira and Minamoto Clans • YoritomoMinamoto won • Rise of Feudalism • Samurai dominate society • Bakufu (military government) • Emperor only religious

  12. Threat from Outside • Mongol Invasions • Kublai Khan wanted control • 450 ships and 15,000 troops • Destroyed by typhoon • 7 yrs. Later 150,000 troops • Aftermath of Invasions • National unity • Debts • Unpaid samurai roam the land • Kamakura shogunate driven from power

  13. Feudal Pyramid Peasants

  14. Civil War and Reunification (AD 1333- 1603)

  15. Stability Under the Ashikaga Shogunate • Godaigo supreme ruler of Japan • Ashikaga attacked royal forces at Kyoto • Godaigo fled south • Ashikaga most powerful between 1367-1467 • Fighting started over the position of Shogun’s deputy

  16. The Onin War: A Turning Point • Civil war between families over power • Most of Kyoto destroyed in the fighting • Power of emperor and shogun reduced • Political power to whoever won in battle • End of Ashikaga Shogunate

  17. Two Attempts to Unify Japan (1) • Oda Nobunaga • Brilliant military techniques and firearms • Acted as a brutal tyrant, especially towards monks • Controlled 32 of 66 provinces by his death

  18. Two Attempts to Unify Japan (2) • ToyotomiHideyoshi • Rose through ranks of Oda family • Negotiations to pacify rebel daimyo • Brought all 66 provinces into feudal agreement

  19. Life in a Castletown During the Tokugawa Period (AD 1603-1868)

  20. Tokugawa Ieyasu Closed Japan’s Doors • Fought and used negotiation to bring all provinces under his control • Period of unity and growth • Established shogunate at Edo • Four classes: samurai, peasants, artisans, merchants • Isolated Japan from rest of world for 200 years

  21. Castle Life • Artisans • Armorers served the castle • Carpenters built • Merchants • Wealthy • Banned from becoming samurai • Recreation: wrestling, gambling, kabuki • Samurai • Enforced laws • Helped to collect taxes • Feudal Castles • Daimyo rules from castles • Architecture funneled attacks into bottleneck trap • Gardens and pools in the castle • Castletowns become Commercial Hubs • Centers of government • Towns grew around castles • Inns, stables and stores grew along the routes to castles

  22. Nijo Castle These are the plans of the original castle.

  23. Castle This is a medieval castle that has been restored. The architecture is similar in all Japanese castles, and mimics Chinese style.

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