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Periodic Table: Element Families

Periodic Table: Element Families. You will be able to explain and understand how the Periodic table is designed. Atomic Structure. Recall- What is an element? Element is the purest form of matter that has its own unique properties and design

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Periodic Table: Element Families

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  1. Periodic Table: Element Families You will be able to explain and understand how the Periodic table is designed

  2. Atomic Structure • Recall- What is an element? • Element is the purest form of matter that has its own unique properties and design • Atomic structure of each element is different because each element has its own unique ATOMIC NUMBER (protons and electrons)

  3. Atomic Design • However, some elements do share some things in common based off their design: specifically based upon their outer-most electron shell configuration

  4. Look closely at H, Li, Na what do they share? • 1 electron in the outer shell

  5. Look closely at He, Ne, Ar, what do they share? • Full outer shell of electrons

  6. What you see scientists refer to an element family • Element family-elements who share the same outer shell electron dot configuration or VALANCE ELECTRONS ARE IDENTICLE!

  7. How is knowing a family helpful? • They react similarly with the same components • The further down the family the more reactive the element for electron donors (+ oxidation elements) • This is because the nucleus has less control over the electrons • Alkali Family video (+1 group) • The more reactive electron recipients are located in upper portion of families ( - oxidation elements)

  8. The Periodic table has 8 elemental families • Fam. 1 = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (+1) (Alkali Metals) • Fam 2 = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra (+2) (Alkaline Earth Metals) • Fam 3 = B, Al, Ga, In, Ti (+3) • Fam 4 = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb (+ 4) • Fam 5 = N, P, As, Sb, Bi (-3) • Fam 6 = O, S, Se, Te, Po  (-2) • Fam 7 = F, Cl, Br, I, At (-1) (Halogen Family) • Fam 8 = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (0) (noble gases /inert; do not react)

  9. +1 +2 +3+ 4 -3 -2 -1 0

  10. Octet Rule • Elements react because all elements wish to obtain full outside shell of electrons to be stable

  11. Law of Conservation of Mass • Mass cant be created or destroyed • Which means that the mass of the reactants before a reaction equals the mass of the products after the reaction!

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