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Naming Alkanes

Naming Alkanes. Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes Include : branched alkanes , structural isomers Additional KEY Terms alkyl group substituent. Alkanes · distinguished by C-C single covalent bonds · general formula C n H 2n+2

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Naming Alkanes

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  1. Naming Alkanes

  2. Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes • Include: branchedalkanes, structuralisomers • Additional KEY Terms • alkyl group substituent

  3. Alkanes · distinguished by C-C single covalent bonds · general formula Cn H2n+2 · considered saturated(all single bonds) Propane C3H8 H H H C - C - C H H Methane CH4 H H H

  4. A carbon branch (substituent) off the parent chain is called an Alkyl group. The alkyl groups follow the same naming system but end in "yl”. C C - C - C - C - C - C Methyl group attached to a hexane parent chain.

  5. Find the longest continuous chain of carbons. • This is the parent chain. 2. Branches - Number the carbons of the parent chain from the end that gives the lowest number to the first branch: Ethyl branch attached to a hexane chain: C 1 6 C 2 5 C - C - C - C - C - C 3 4 3 4 2 5 1 6

  6. 3. Name each alkyl group including the number of the parent carbon it is attached to showing position. • 4. Names are all ONE word. • Hyphens used to separate numbers from words. 1 3-ethylhexane C 2 C C - C - C - C - C - C 3 4 5 6

  7. Draw the structural formula for 2-methylhexane. 1 2 3 4 5 6

  8. 2,4-dimethylpentane 1 2 3 4 5 CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH3

  9. Multiple alkyl groups require prefixes (di, tri) and parent numbers for each. • The alkyls are named in alphabetical order. • Commas are used to separate numbers. • (5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane) 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane 6 C C 5 C C - C - C - C - C - C 4 3 2 1

  10. 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane C C C 4 C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C 3 5 6 1 2 7 8 C

  11. 1 2 5 3 4 6 8 7 3,3,5trimethyloctane

  12. 3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctane

  13. CH3CH2CH2CH(C2H5)CH2C(CH3)2CH3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptane

  14. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? • Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes • Include: branchedalkanes, structuralisomers • Additional KEY Terms • alkyl group substituent

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