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THE INTELLECTUAL RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

THE INTELLECTUAL RENAISSANCE IN ITALY. The Italian Renaissance 1. individualism 2. secularism Italy in the 14 th and 15 centuries is the cultural leader of Europe Renaissance Italy was a product of 1. wealthy society 2. urban society 3. lay society. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM.

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THE INTELLECTUAL RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

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  1. THE INTELLECTUAL RENAISSANCE IN ITALY • The Italian Renaissance 1. individualism 2. secularism • Italy in the 14th and 15 centuries is the cultural leader of Europe • Renaissance Italy was a product of 1. wealthy society 2. urban society 3. lay society

  2. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM • Intellectual/literary movement • Based on the study of classical literary works of ancient Greece and Rome • Humanists studies the LIBERAL ARTS grammar rhetoric poetry moral philosophy/ethics history

  3. THE EMERGENCE OF HUMANISM • Petrarch = the father of humanism • Consider the middle ages a dark age • Interest in classical antiquity • Search for forgotten or lost latin manuscripts and works of antiquity

  4. HUMANISM IN 15TH CENTURY ITALY • “civic humanism” • Cicero as a model • Growing interest in classical Greek civilization • LORENZO VALLA

  5. HUMANISM AND PHILOSOPHY • Interest in the works of Plato • Christianity + Platonism = NEOPLATONISM • Hermeticism • PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA – 1. one of the great humanists 2. author of – Oration on the Dignity of Man 3. unlimited human potential

  6. EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE • Humanist idea – education can change people • “liberal studies” = the liberal arts • Humanist schools geared to elites • Practical preparation for life -> produce complete citizens -> participate in civic life • Humanist schools = classics + Christianity = model for elite schooling up to the 20th century

  7. HUMANISM AND HISTORY • Humanist began to see history as divided into 1. ancient world = classical world = antiquity 2. the Middle Ages = the dark ages 3. their time = a time of rebirth • Secularizing the writing of history -> relying on documents and evidence, removing religious explanations and miracles • Causation in history -> not God, human forces

  8. THE IMPACT OF PRINTING • Printing was invented in the time of the Renaissance • Transformed the intellectual life and thought • JOHANNES GUTENBERG = the movable type printing press 1445-1450 • Gutenberg bibles • Printing spread rapidly across Europe 1. by 1500 – 1000 printers 2. 40,000 titles 3. half were religious, half secular 4. big business 5. encouraged spread of knowledge 6. created a lay reading public

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