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Supreme Court Cases

Supreme Court Cases. Gibbons v. Ogden— declared that Congress had the authority over interstate commerce; McCulloch v. Maryland— denied states the power to tax the national bank;

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Supreme Court Cases

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  1. Supreme Court Cases • Gibbons v. Ogden—declared that Congress had the authority over interstate commerce; • McCulloch v. Maryland—denied states the power to tax the national bank; • Fletcher v. Peck—nullified state law that violated individuals’ constitutional rights to enter into contracts; • Dartmouth College v. Woodward—prohibited states from interfering with contracts;

  2. Foreign Agreements • Rush-Bagot Treaty—fixed the U.S. border at the 49th parallel and gave U.S. and Britain joint occupation of Oregon Territory; • Adams-Onís Treaty—United States gained Florida; • Monroe Doctrine—U.S. establishes its authority over the Western Hemisphere (1823) • Response to other countries attempts to create new colonies or attempt to overthrow newly independent republics in the Western Hemisphere

  3. Expanding Westward • Moving west: to escape debts or the law, to find economic opportunity (cheap land) • Ppl could change occupations

  4. Balance of Slave and Free States • 1818: ten slave, ten free states • 1819 • IL as a free state • MO as a slave, but eventually free • AL as a slave • Missouri Compromise in 1820 • admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, thus preserving a balance in the Senate, and divided the Louisiana Territory into slave and free lands (36 degrees, 30’ north latitude)

  5. Chapter 7 Section 3

  6. Expanding Democracy Changes Politics • John Quincy Adams chosen by H. of Reps over A. Jackson in 1824 • Jacksonians formed Democratic-Republican party • Attempted to undermine J.Q. Adams • Voting changes • Many states didn’t require owning property as a qualification to vote

  7. President Jackson • 1828 campaign-Jackson portrayed his opponent as elitist, himself as one of modest beginnings • Spoils system • Incoming officials replaced former appointees w/ own friends • 10% of federal employees fired by Jackson • “kitchen cabinet”-friends he used as main advisors

  8. Removal of Native Americans • “civilized tribes”: Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole • Indian Removal Act of 1830 • Money was provided with which to negotiate treaties to move Native Americans west • Jackson used troops to force removal of Native Americans • Didn’t think assimilation was possible • Thought troops would have to watch Native Americans in the east

  9. Cherokee Fight Back • Cherokee used judicial system to fight removal • 1st case was not heard b/c Chief Justice Marshall believed nation had no federal standing • 2nd case: Worcester v. Georgia(1832) • Recognized as a distinct political community • John Ross fought relocation, others promoted it. • Trail of Tears • Oct & Nov. 1838 groups of Cherokee sent to the West • Ppl died along the trail • Gov’t officials stole money • Cattle were stolen

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