Renaissance and Reformation Review

1. Renaissance and Reformation Review A little R & R

2. European Renaissance

3. What does the term renaissance mean? • “Rebirth” Why was the renaissance significant?

4. What two main events ended that allowed the Renaissance to take place? • The Bubonic Plague • End of the 100 years war • While not a specific event, the location of Italy played a large role in the beginning of the Renaissance. The increased trade let to a stable economy which enabled patrons to spend money on the arts.

5. How did Middle Eastern civilizations aid in Renaissance efforts? • They had preserved Greek and Roman ideals • These works were rediscovered and translated into vernacular language.

6. What was the name for focus on human potential and achievements? • Humanism Why was this significant during this time?

7. The Renaissance’s emphasis on reason placed high priorities on using which methods to explain events? • Scientific Observation

8. What term describes being “worldly” and concerned with the here and now? • Secular Is secularism a good thing or a bad thing? Why?

9. What was the name for supporters of the arts? • Patrons

10. The addition of dimensions (3) in paintings was known as…? • Perspective

11. What is the term for someone’s native language? • Vernacular

12. Who wrote “The Prince” which was more concerned with what was politically effective rather than what was morally right? • Niccolo Machiavelli

13. Which other books played a significant role in the Renaissance? • The Divine Comedy • Daunte • The Canterburry Tales • Geoffery Chauncer • These books were written in vernacular language which helped in spreading knowledge throughout Europe and aided in developing modern language.

14. Which family played a major role in the Italian Renaissance? • Medicis • They took control of one of the Italian city-states and were consistent patrons of the arts.

15. What Renaissance artist painted the Sistine Chapel? • Michelangelo

16. What famous artist painted the “School of Athens” for the Pope? • Raphael

17. What artist painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper? • Leonardo da Vinci

18. Christian Humanist Thomas Moore wrote a book called…? • Utopia What does this term mean?

19. What English writer wrote classics such as Hamlet and Macbeth? • William Shakespeare

20. What is the name of the machine that presses paper against a tray of inked moveable type? • Printing Press

21. What was the first full-size book to be printed with moveable type? • The Gutenberg Bible

22. Women’s education in the Renaissance revolved around which concepts? • Religion • Morality • The desire was to produce good wives and mothers, little emphasis was put genuine education.

23. The Reformation

24. What was the Reformation? • The Reformation was a movement for religious reform.

25. What were some of the causes of the Reformation? • Renaissance emphasis on secular. • Printing press helped to spread secular ideas. • Rulers resented Pope’s attempt to demonstrate power. • Resentment of paying church taxes. • Corruption in Catholic church • Spending on the arts • Lot living by church standards • Gambling • Drinking • Marrying • Poor education

26. Name the main character in the story of the European Reformation. • Martin Luther long lost brothers?

27. What was Luther’s primary religious teaching? • Justification by Faith

28. Luther first rebelled against a friar who was selling pardons called…? • Indulgences

29. What document did Luther compose that formally listed his complaints against the church? • The 95 Theses • Salvation by Faith vs. by “good works” • Authority in Bible vs. authority in Pope • Believers were equal vs. need for leaders to interpret Biblical meanings.

30. Luther’s followers eventually became known as? • Lutherans

31. Princes who supported Luther, who signed a protest, were known as? • Protestants

32. Charles (HRE) called for peace, and ordered that the religion of each German state would be determined by its ruler…what was it called? • Peace of Augsburg.

33. King Henry of England challenged the churches authority by asking the Pope to do what? • Annul (set aside) his marriage. • This event lead to the creation of a church and increased conflict between Catholics and Protestants. • This revolution was rooted in political power and change, not religion

34. Henry’s daughter Elizabeth was eventually name the head of the Church of England also known as…? • The Anglican Church

35. What religious leader took over the Reformation after Luther? • John Calvin

36. Calvin’s book Institutes of the Christian Religion talked about the elect, & how they had been chosen by God, an idea called…? • Predestination

37. Eventually Calvin’s teachings became known as? • Calvinism

38. Name the system in which the government is controlled by religious leaders. • Theocracy

39. Followers of Knox became known as? • Presbyterians

40. One of the Protestant divisions taught that only people old enough should be baptized known as…? • Anabaptists • (baptize again)

41. Those who stayed loyal to the Catholic religion experienced their own reform known as…? • The Catholic Reformation

42. Ignatius eventually created a religious order called the “Society of Jesus”…followers were known as…? • Jesuits

43. From 1545 to 1563 Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on doctrines at an event known as…? • The Council of Trent • They decided • Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. • Bible and church authority were both legitimate authorities for guiding Christian life. • Indulgences were valid expressions of faith.

44. What were the lasting effects of the Reformation? • Protestant churches flourish (set foundation for modern day Christianity). • Religion no longer united Europe (led the way to modern nation –states). • Reformers successful revolt set the stage for later rebellions (especially in Western culture).