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Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One

Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One. I. Early National Period II. Two Party System III. Election of 1800 IV. Early Supreme Court Cases V. Louisiana Purchase VI. War of 1812. The Early National Period 1800-1845. The United States underwent many changes between 1800 and 1845

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Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One

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  1. Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One • I. Early National Period • II. Two Party System • III. Election of 1800 • IV. Early Supreme Court Cases • V. Louisiana Purchase • VI. War of 1812

  2. The Early National Period1800-1845 • The United States underwent many changes between 1800 and 1845 • Territory expanded from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and from Canada to Mexico • The Power of the Federal government was defined during this period

  3. Popularity is over- rated! The Early National Period • The divisions between Northern and Southern states widened, and eventually led to war • After 2 terms (8 years), George Washington decided not to run for president again • In 1796, the Federalist candidate, John Adams, won the presidency • After 4 years in office, Adams became unpopular

  4. Two party system starts • Controversy over the Federalists’ support for the Bank of the United States • Anti-Federalists afraid gave more power to the Central government • The Jay Treaty • Tied United States to Britain • Democratic-Republicans liked supporting France • Undeclared war on France led to the beginning of an opposition party

  5. The Election of 1800 Oh yeah, I know why you want to be my friend, I am one hot tamale grrr • After 4 years, John Adams was up for re-election • The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, chose John Adams to run again • They wanted a strong central government • Advancement of industry • Businesses and Bankers of Northeast • Positive relationship with the British

  6. The Democratic-Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr to run • They wanted a weak government • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • Economy to be based on agriculture • Farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South The ‘White’ House

  7. Thomas Jefferson narrowly won the election of 1800 • The election of 1800 was the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another

  8. Establishing the Supreme Court’s Authority • Three Court cases established the Supreme Court’s authority • Marbury vs. Madison- 1803 • Judicial Review- Supreme Court can rule laws unconstitutional We find the Dred Scott decision unconstitutional because according to the Constitution ALL men are created equal!

  9. McCulloch vs. Maryland- 1819 • States cannot tax the federal bank • “The power to tax is the power to destroy”

  10. Gibbons vs. Ogden- 1824Conducting interstate commerce is a power exercised exclusively by Congress Interstate means that it goes through more than one state! Like 95 the bane of our existence.

  11. The Louisiana Purchase • In 1803, Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France doubling the size of the U.S. • Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory – a lot west of the Mississippi River • Sacajawea, a native American woman, served as their guide and translator • Many Americans began moving west • Manifest Destiny- belief that the United States should encompass the land between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, resulted in violent conflicts with Native Americans

  12. American merchant Great Britain I hate you, French dude! Je vous hais plus! You boys can keep on killing each other. If either of y’all need anything, just give us Yankees a holler! France

  13. Causes of the War of 1812 Great Britain • In 1803, Britain and France went to war again. • Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy. France

  14. The War of 1812 Causes • The British and French were at war. • British blocked American ships from trading with France • Impressments- American sailors were forced to serve in the British navy

  15. War • James Madison declared war on the British • Treaty of Ghent ended the war; prewar boundaries between the British and U.S. were restored • Federalists opposed the treaty, talked of secession and proposed constitutional amendments, which were not acted upon

  16. Washington, D.C is Attacked The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington. • In 1814, the Britishset Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House.

  17. The Star-Spangled Banner • The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore. • Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.

  18. When the smoke cleared, “our flag was still there”. • In response, Key wrote the poem “Defence of Fort M'Henry”, which later was put to music and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”.

  19. Treaty of Ghent • While it ended the war, the treaty did not resolve any of the problems between Britain and the U.S.

  20. Battle of New Orleans • Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. • Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 7

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