课程：当代英国概况 第一章：开篇介绍 任课教师：郭岚

1. 课程：当代英国概况第一章：开篇介绍任课教师：郭岚课程：当代英国概况第一章：开篇介绍任课教师：郭岚

2. Objectives • some general features of Britain • to set the scene

3. Procedure • Lecture by the teacher • Presentation by Students • Class discussion • Assignment for the next chapter

4. Focal Questions • What is the full name of the British state? What countries does it consist of? • What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most people live? • Do you think that most of the ethnic minorities in Britain have different age structures from that of the white population? Why? • What do you think are the most important factors in determining class? • How do you understand the status of women in contemporary Britain? • What are some of the key changes over the last fifty years in the UK?

5. A1 Geography • The British Isles • the group of islands off the northwest coast of Europe • Great Britain, Ireland and the many smaller adjacent islands (16+) • an archipelago, 315,134 km2

6. A1 Geography continued • Is the term "British Isles" acceptable? • Irish state documents, Irish schoolbooks, textbooks • official British state documentation • Alternatives：“Great Britain and Ireland”, “British-Irish islands”, “UK and Ireland”, “the British Isles and Ireland”, “Islands of the North Atlantic”(IONA)

7. A1 Geography continuedIONA ?– The British Isles

8. A 1 Geography cont.

9. Chief of the State -- Queen Elizabeth II

10. Questions (video clip): • The geographical makeup of UK • What is the London smog? • How did the suburb come into being? • Major house styles in the suburb

11. Answers to Questions: • The Island of Great Britain + 1/6 of the Island of Ireland • Smoke released by the burning coal + London’s natural fog (Charles Dickens) • People getting away from the fog + affordable mass transit

12. Answers to Questions: Cont. • Major house styles in the suburb • The Tudor style (mid-16th C.) • The Elizabethan style (late 16th C.) • The Queen Anne revival style (late 19th C.)

13. ENGLAND • Population: 51 Million • Language: English • People: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish, West Indians, Pakistanis, Indians, Chinese • Religion: Church of England, Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh • Capital City: London

14. ENGLAND cont. • artistic contributions in theatre , literature, and architecture. • Staple food: Fish and Chips, bacon, eggs, sausage, and mash • astonishing regional variations in accents

15. St. James Park, London

16. England cont. • Windsor Castle • Leeds Castle

17. Fish and Chips • English staple food

18. WALES • Population: 2.9 Million • Capital city: Cardiff • People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons • Language: Welsh, English • Religion: Nonconformist Protestants, Anglicans, Catholics

19. WALES cont. • the survival of Welsh as a living language • Food: laverbread (seaweed, oatmeal and bacon on toast), Rarebit (cheese on toast with flavor of mustard and beer)

20. Caerphilly Castle, South Wales

21. Beaumaris Castle, N. Wales

22. NORTHERN IRELAND • Population: 1.6 Million • Capital city: Belfast • People: Irish • Language: English, and Irish • Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 3.4% Protestant in the Republic; 60% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic in Northern Ireland

23. NORTHERN IRELAND cont. • the “jig” & Irish folk music • Very festive • meats like lamb, beef, and pork. • Main meal: lunch , dinner 

24. Irish Townhouse b&b

25. Irish Jig

26. SCOTLAND • Population: 5.1 Million • Capital city: Edinburgh • People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons • Language: English, Gaelic • Religion: Presbyterian Church of Scotland, other Presbyterian churches, Anglicans, Catholics

27. SCOTLAND cont. • Greatest accomplishments: science, literature, and philosophy • Bagpipes • Social gathering (ceilidh): folk stories (past), drinking and dancing (today) • game dishes: smoked salmon and venison (deer)

28. Scottish Dance

29. Castles of Scotland

30. A2 Population 2002 Census UK 59,289,194 England 51,138,831 Wales 2,903,085 Scotland 5,162,011 Northern Ireland 1,685,267

31. Sources: Office for National Statistics, General Register Office for Scotland, Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency

32. 60,975,000 in mid-2007, an increase of 388,000 (0.6 per cent) on mid-2006 an average annual growth of 0.5 per cent since 2001 natural change (births - deaths) and net migration (long term migrants entering the UK - those leaving the UK) Population Change

34. A2 Population Density UK average 243/km2 England 376/km2 Scotland 65/km2 Wales 141/km2 N. Ireland 122/km2 France 106/km2 US 27/km2

35. A 3 Ethnic Groups • Multicultural, multiethnic • Why do immigrants come? P8 • Different age structures: P7

36. A 3 Ethnic Groups • Reasons for relatively poor performance of ethnic minority children: (with the exception of Asian children) • Low IQ – e.g. West Indian children: a lower IQ (the Swann report ) • Material deprivation – working class, material disadvantage

37. A 3 Ethnic Groups cont. • Hidden curriculum – culturally and linguistically biased against ethnic minority groups • Labelling – negative labels: self-fulfilling prophecies • Racism –diminishing self esteem

38. A 3 Ethnic Groups cont. • In 1940, Pan AfricanistMarcus Garvey suffered a stroke— survived — an obituary was published, describing him as "broke, alone and unpopular“— shocked and suffered a second stroke and died — fulfilling the obituary • Harry Potter

39. A 3 Ethnic Groups cont. • The Chinese in Britain • Estimated number: 250,000 • From Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and mainland China • Mainly in big cities like London, Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, Newcastle and Glasgow, etc.

40. A 3 Ethnic Groups cont. • ¾: in catering & catering-related business • Less discrimination: Law-abiding, no business conflict with the local British, seldom asking for financial assistance

41. A 4 Class • Increasingly classless? • Society is ordered in terms of class. • Accent*, vocabulary*, job*, hobbies* and types of relationship

42. A 4 Class cont. • Social Classification in the 21st Century • 1 A Large employers & higher managerial occupations 9% • 1 B Higher professional occu. 12% • 2 Lower professional occu. 17% • 3 Intermediate occupations 14%

43. A 4 Class cont. • 4 Small employers & own account workers 9% • 5 Lower supervisors & craft & related occupations 10% • 6 Semi-routine occu. 21% • 7 Routine occu 8%

44. A 4 Class cont. • Working class: 25%. Compare: 51% in 1955 (1CM/Guardian) • Middle class: 35%. Compare: 28% in 1986 (Mail on Sunday) • 85%: Britain is a class-based society • 69%: top jobs – the privileged few (NOP/Sunday Express)

45. A 5. The National Identity

46. A 5 Devolution cont. • Britishness ? • In England: 17%— allegiance to England, (British Social Attitudes/Guardian); • 66% of teenagers —English, not British • In Wales, 79%: Welsh • In Scotland, 82%: Scottish (Sunday Times).

47. National Identity—Would you describe yourself as British? • England (48%) , Scotland (27%) , Wales (35%) • a list: English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, British and Other • 50%: either English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish, 31%: British only, 13% British and either English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish. 4%: 'other' , 1%: other combinations • Older people: 36% (aged 65+)—British, 47-52% (aged 55-) • People in London: 19%—'other‘, 2 to 5% per cent in other areas of England, Scotland or Wales • Source: Living in Britain, Office for National Statistics

48. References • British Studies Web Pages • Dalton, A. ‘Apparent’ Paradoxes in British Culture & its Literature • http//www. Woodlands-junior. Kent. Sch/uk. Html • http//huaren.org/diaspora/europe/britain/doc/0395-01.html • http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=278