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HVACR216 - Hydronics

HVACR216 - Hydronics. Fittings and Pipe Support. Copper tubing. Copper tubing was developed in the 1920s to provide an alternative to iron piping in a variety of uses. Desirable features. Good pressure and temperature rating for typical hydronic applications.

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HVACR216 - Hydronics

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  1. HVACR216 - Hydronics Fittings and Pipe Support

  2. Copper tubing • Copper tubing was developed in the 1920s to provide an alternative to iron piping in a variety of uses.

  3. Desirable features • Good pressure and temperature rating for typical hydronic applications. • Good resistance to corrosion from water-based system fluids. • Smooth inner walls that offer low flow resistance

  4. Desirable features • Lighter than steel or iron piping of equivalent size. • Ability to be joined by the well-known technique of soft soldering

  5. Copper pipe size • Copper pipe is available in a wide range of sizes and wall thicknesses. • The type of tubing used in hydronic heating is known as water tube. • In the United States, copper water tube is manufactured according to strict standards.

  6. ASTM B88 • This standard is known as ASTM B88. • AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials

  7. ASTM B88 • According to ASTMB88, the copper water pipe size refers to the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. • The word “nominal” means that the measured inside diameter is approximately equal to the stated pipe size.

  8. Copper tube sizing • The outside diameter of copper water tubing is always 1/8” inch larger than the nominal inside diameter. • For example, the outside diameter (O.D.) of ¾” inch type M copper tubing is .875 inches • This is exactly 7/8” inches, or 1/8” inch larger than the nominal pipe size.

  9. Copper tubing wall thickness • Copper water tube is available in three wall thicknesses designated as type K, L, and M in order of decreasing wall thicknesses. • The outside diameter of K, L and M tubing are identical. • This allows all three types of tubing to be compatible with the same fittings and valves.

  10. Copper tubing • The three types of copper tubing are easily identified by color code printing along the tube. • Type M copper tube = Red • Type L copper tube = Blue • Type K copper tube = Green

  11. Copper M tubing • Because operating pressures of residential and light commercial hydronic heating systems are relatively low, the thinnest wall copper tube (type M) is most often used. • This wall thickness provides several times the pressure rating of other common hydronic system components.

  12. Hard Drawn Tubing • Two common hardness grades of copper water tube are available. • Hard drawn tubingis supplied in straight, rigid lengths of 10 and 20 feet. • Because of its straightness and strength, hard drawn tubing is the most commonly used type of copper tubing in hydronic systems.

  13. Hard drawn copper Tubing

  14. Soft Copper Tubing • So-called soft drawn tubing is annealed during manufacturing to allow it to be formed with simple bending tools. • It is useful in situations where awkward angles do not allow proper tubing alignment with standard fittings.

  15. Annealing • In the cases of copper this process is performed by substantially heating the material (generally until glowing) for a while and allowing it to cool. • Unlike ferrous metals which must be cooled slowly to anneal, copper can be cooled slowly in air or quickly by quenching in water. • In this fashion the metal is softened and prepared for further work such as shaping, stamping, or forming.

  16. Annealed copper tubing

  17. Hard drawn copper tubing support • Horizontalruns of copper hard drawn tubing must be supported at a maximum of every 12’. • Vertical runs of copper hard drawn tubing must be supported at a maximum of every 10’. • Always refer to local code for proper spacing

  18. Hard drawn copper tubing support • These support spacings do not include any allowances for the extra weight of other system components such as circulators or expansion tanks. • When such components are present, the piping should be supported immediately adjacent to the component.

  19. Soft drawn copper tubing support • Copper soft drawn tubing 1 ¼” and smaller on a horizontal run must be supported at a maximum of every 6’. • Copper soft drawn tubing 1 ½”” and larger on a horizontal run must be supported at a maximum of every 10’. • Vertical spacing for all sizes is 10’

  20. Pipe support materials • A number of different types and styles of supports are available for copper tubing.

  21. Split rings Adjustable strap 2 hole pipe strap Clevis hanger J hook Bell hanger

  22. Pipe insulator Two hole plastic strap Strut cushion clamp Copper strap Vertical pipe support

  23. Common pipe fittings • Many of the pipe fittings used in hydronic systems are the same as used in conventional water supply systems.

  24. Couplings: (standard and reducing) Standard Reducer coupling

  25. Elbows: 90 degree and 45 degree 90 degree 45 degree

  26. Street elbows: (90 and 45 degrees) Street 90 Street 45

  27. Tees: (Standard and reducing) Standard Reducing Tee

  28. Threaded adapters: (Male and female) Male adapter Female adapter

  29. Unions

  30. Ball valves Sweat ball valve NPT ball valve

  31. Gate valve

  32. Boiler drain valve

  33. Boiler Drain T

  34. Baseboard Tee

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