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Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules . Flow of energy through life. Life is built on chemical reactions. +. +. Chemical reactions of life. Processes of life ______________ molecules ______________ ______________ molecules ______________. enzyme. +. enzyme. +.

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Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

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  1. Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

  2. Flow of energy through life • Life is built on chemical reactions

  3. + + Chemical reactions of life • Processes of life • ______________ molecules • ______________ • ______________ molecules • ______________

  4. enzyme + enzyme + Nothing works without enzymes! • How important are enzymes? • ____________________________________________________________________ • building molecules • ___________________ • breaking down molecules • ___________________ • __________________________________ • “catalysts” We can’t live without enzymes!

  5. + + Examples • __________________ enzyme • __________________ enzyme

  6. Enzymes are proteins • ________________________________________________________________________ • each enzyme needs to be the ___________ for the job • enzymes are named for the reaction they help • ___________ breaks down ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ builds ___________ Oh, I get it! They end in -ase

  7. ____________ Enzymes aren’t used up • ____________________________________ • used only temporarily • re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules • very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions ____________ ____________ ____________

  8. It’s shape that matters! • _______________________ • ________________allows enzyme &substrate to fit • ____________________________ ____________________________

  9. 1 2 3

  10. Enzyme vocabulary • _________________ • helper protein molecule • _________________ • molecule that enzymes work on • _________________________ • what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction • _________________ • part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

  11. What affects enzyme action • _______________________________ • correct order of amino acids • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________

  12. Order of amino acids • _______________________________________

  13. Temperature • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • _________________________ • greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate • human enzymes = • ___________________________________ • _________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________ • molecules move slower • decrease collisions

  14. What’s happening here?! Temperature reaction rate temperature

  15. How do cold-blooded creatures do it?

  16. pH • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • depends on where in body • pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 • trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

  17. What’s happening here?! pH stomachpepsin intestinestrypsin reaction rate 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

  18. __________! For enzymes…What matters?

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