Programming Fundamentals

1. Programming Fundamentals Lecture 5

2. In the Previous Lecture • Basic structure of C program • Variables and Data types • Operators • ‘cout’ and ‘cin’ for output and input • Braces

3. Relational Operators

4. Decision

5. If Statement If condition is true statements If Ali’s height is greater then 6 feet Then Ali can become a member of the Basket Ball team

6. If Statement in C If (condition) statement ;

7. If Statement in C If ( condition ) { statement1 ; statement2 ; : }

8. If statement in C

9. Int n; • Cin>>n; • If(n>10) • { • Cout<<“uol”; • Cout<<“ok”; • }

10. Add two num..r they equal to five??

11. Divisible by 3 • Int n; • Cout<<“enter any number”; • Cin>>; • If(n%3==0) • { • Cout<<“the number”<<n<<“is divisible by 3”; • }

12. If-else statement • Used for making two way decsns(need?) • One condition and two blocks of statements are given • After evaluating a condition, one of the block will be executed • If condition is true than the first block will be executed • If condition is false than the second block will be executed

13. if-else if (condition) { statement ; - - } else { statement ; - - }

14. <100 or >100 • Int n; • Cout<<“enter any integer value”; • Cin>>n; • If(n>100) • Cout<<“>100”; • Else • Cout<<“<100”;

15. Even or odd • Int n; • Cout<<“enter an integer”; • Cin>>n; • If(n%2==1) • Cout<<“it is an odd number”; • Else • Cout<<“even”;

16. Take avg of 5 students marks and tell if that avg is > or < 100

17. Nested if statement When an if statement is used within another if statement , it is called nested if statement Used for multiway (not two way) decision making

18. Syntax If(condition-1) { If (condition-2) { Statement } Statement }

19. example Inta,b,c; Cout Cin>>a Cout Cin>>b; Cout Cin>>c; If(a==b) { if(a==c) cout<<“equal”; } Else Cout<<“different”; }

20. Nested if-else structure Used for multiple selection Syntax If(condition1) Statement1; Else if(condition2) Statement2; Else if(condition3) Statement3… . .. .

22. Logical Operators AND && OR ||

23. Logical Operators If a is greater than b AND c is greater than d In C if(a > b && c> d) if(age > 18 || height > 5)

24. Multi-way decision

25. if Statements if ( grade ==‘A’ ) cout << “ Excellent ” ; if ( grade ==‘B’ ) cout << “ Very Good ” ; if ( grade ==‘C’ ) cout << “ Good ” ; if ( grade ==‘D’ ) cout << “ Poor ” ; if ( grade ==‘F’ ) cout << “ Fail ” ;

26. if else if ( grade ==‘A’ ) cout << “ Excellent ” ; else if ( grade ==‘B’ ) cout << “ Very Good ” ; else if ( grade ==‘C’ ) cout << “ Good ” ; else if ( grade ==‘D’ ) cout << “ Poor ” ;

27. if else if ( grade == ‘A’ ) cout << “ Excellent ” ; else if ( grade == ‘B’ ) … else if … … else …

28. switch statement

29. switch statements switch ( variable name ){ case ‘a’ : statements; case ‘b’ : statements; case ‘c’ : statements; …}

30. switch statements switch ( grade){ case ‘A’ : cout << “ Excellent ” ; case ‘B’ : cout << “ Very Good ” ; case ‘C’ : … …}

31. switch statements case ‘A’ : cout << “ Excellent ” ; … …

32. Example switch ( grade) { case ‘A’ : cout << “ Excellent ” ; case ‘B’ : cout << “ Very Good ” ; case ‘C’ : cout << “Good ” ; case ‘D’ : cout << “ Poor ” ; case ‘F’ : cout << “ Fail ” ; }

33. break;

34. Example switch ( grade ) { case ‘A’ : cout << “ Excellent ” ; break ; case ‘B’ : cout << “ Very Good ” ; break ; case ‘C’ : cout << “Good ” ; break ; case ‘D’ : cout << “ Poor ” ; break ; case ‘F’ : cout << “ Fail ” ; break ; }

35. default : default : cout << “ Please Enter Grade from ‘A’ to ‘D’ or ‘F’ “ ;

44. GOTO { Int c=1; abc: Cout<<c<<endl; C++; If(c<=10) Gotoabc; }

45. Flow Chart of switch statement switch (grade) case ‘A’ : Display “Excellent” case ‘B’ : Display “Very Good” … Default : “……..”

46. Limitations of switch if ( amount > 2335.09 ) statements ;

47. Whole Number • short • int • long

48. case ‘A’ : case ‘ 300 ‘ : case ‘ f ‘ :

49. break ; if (c == ‘z’ ) { cout << “ Great ! You have made the correct guess “ ;break ; }

50. continue ;