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Diagnostic Dental X-ray controller

Diagnostic Dental X-ray controller. Yasseir Abdelkarem. Dental x-ray Machine. Monawar Tareq. Amman Uneversity. Mohammed Omar. This illustration is a part of ”Spheres”. See the whole presentation here slideshop.com/3d-spheres . Physiological background . Introduction.

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Diagnostic Dental X-ray controller

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  1. Diagnostic Dental X-ray controller Yasseir Abdelkarem Dental x-ray Machine Monawar Tareq Amman Uneversity Mohammed Omar This illustration is a part of ”Spheres”. See the whole presentation here slideshop.com/3d-spheres

  2. Physiological background

  3. Introduction Every one is worry about his or her teeth health and hope to have nice smile. so from the importance of teeth in the life, the structure of teeth, the most common diseases of gum and teeth.

  4. Teeth structure

  5. Dental diseases • There are many kinds of dental diseases that caused by microorganisms that produce toxic chemical to destroy dental tissue and when the oral cavity is dominated by pathogenic bacteria there is dental disease. The bacteria that lives in the mouth and reacts with the eating food especially carbohydrates, then thin, transparent and soft sticky film is formed which called plaque. Some of bacteria living in the plaque can turn sugar into acid which dissolves enamel to produce caries.

  6. The main cause is bacterial plaque, a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on teeth. However, factors like the following also affect the health of gum: Smoking (tobacco use) Genetics Stress Medication and some drugs Clenching or grinding drugs Diabetes Poor nutrition Causes of periodontal disease

  7. Dental treatment The treatment of toothache depends on the reasons of the pain. Dental disease treatment is divided in two categories: • Therapy. • Cosmetic treatment. and the ways to prevent these diseases starting with personal care, ending with surgical therapy.

  8. Diagnosis of teeth there are several diagnostic methods: • Naked eyes. • Using probe. • X-ray film. • Diagnostic dental X-ray. (Our project)

  9. What is X-ray TIP: add your own images: right-click an image, choose format shape, select ”fill” and choose the picture tab 2011 2005 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 This illustration is a part of ”Timelines Film Roll”. See the whole presentation at slideshop.com/film-roll

  10. X-ray was discovered in 1895 by roentgen. it is an electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength, measured in pilometers. x-ray discovery is one the most important thing in the medical world to solve all problem to get an image of the body inside.the amount of x-ray absorbed by the body is measured by taking the difference of the input and output radiation energies Discovery Of X-ray

  11. Electromagnetic radiation Gamma rays X-rays rays Visible light Radio Ultra violet Infra red

  12. Biological effects of radiation If radiation is passing through biological material, the ionization and excitation may occur in biologically important molecules. This could damage or kill cells. So, • Protect yourself ! • Use lead-shields and jackets if you need to enter the room during generation of X-rays.

  13. X-ray Tube Your Logo

  14. X-ray tube components

  15. Generation of X-rays

  16. mA kV Time Heat Produced Heat produced in X-ray tube Cooling Unit OIL Housing Anode FocalSpot

  17. Heat produced in X-ray tube FocalSpot mA kV Time radiation conduction Heat Produced Anode radiation Housing CoolingUnit AIR convection

  18. OverLoad Protection (OLP) • OLP will protect the tube. It will prevent exposure if the tube is too hot. • OLP is calculated by the input kV, mA and time. This is expressed in Heat Units (HU).HU = kV * mA * sec * 1.4 • The X-ray tube specification will state the maximum amount of HU the tube can handle.

  19. Circuit Diagram Dental X-ray Controller

  20. Circuit Description • It consists of two circuits: • Power circuit • Display circuit

  21. Power circuit

  22. Important things that power • circuit do • Protection • Error detection. • Protection which is Consists of: • Fuse • Load • Diode • Capacitor • optocupler

  23. Protection which is Consists of : • TRIAC • Load • Optocupler

  24. TRIAC is a thyristor used for AC switch, and it depends on the gate [G]

  25. Error detection • The microcontroller is a programmable chip • , it has been • Programmed to inform us what and where the error is . • there are four errors can be detected in our device : • Error #1 : • if the user don’t make a complete • press until the end of exposure time. • Error #2 : • if the exposure button was sticky • or the user forgot to end the press.

  26. Error #3 : • when there no x-ray tube is connected • Error #4 : • when either TRIAC or relay is damaged , and that means • there is no voltage received to the x-ray tube

  27. Display circuit • consist of: • Three seven segments • Three NPN transistors • [15] LEDS • Serial to parallel IC chip and shift register • IC chip

  28. 4-to-16 line decoder/demultiplexer

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