1 / 7

Medical Technology

Medical Technology. Pharmaceuticals Chemical substances that are used in the treatment, cure, prevention & diagnoses of disease Pharmacology : study of drugs Pharmacogenomics : study of effect of genetic variation (whole genome) on patient’s response to drugs

reyna
Télécharger la présentation

Medical Technology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Medical Technology

  2. Pharmaceuticals • Chemical substances that are used in the treatment, cure, prevention & diagnoses of disease • Pharmacology: study of drugs • Pharmacogenomics: study of effect of genetic variation (whole genome) on patient’s response to drugs • Pharmacogenetics: study of effect of specific genes on patient’s response to drugs • Analgesics: pain relieving drugs • Non-opioid: mild to moderate pain, over the counter. E.g. paracetamol, aspirin • Opioid: severe pain, generally prescription needed. E.g. codine, morphine, oxycodone

  3. Anti-inflammatories: reduce inflammation • Inflammation: response to injury / disease  pain, swelling, redness, heat • Corticosteroids: steroids which bind to cortisol receptors, preventing cortisol (damage repair hormone) release. • Prolonged use may be detrimental (e.g. osteoporosis) • Used to treat: asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, eczema. • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): inhibit COX enzyme (cyclo-oxygenase), which means body can’t make prostaglandins. (hormone like substance which causes inflammation) • Prolonged use may be detrimental (e.g. stomach disorders) • e.g. aspirin, ibuprofen, indomethacin and naproxen.

  4. Statins: lower bad cholesterol levels (low density lipoprotein) • Prescribed, people with CV disease, • Inhibit enzyme produced in liver  blocking metabolic pathway • May cause liver damage and muscle pain • Antibiotics: fight bacterial infections

  5. Alzheimer’s disease • Form of dementia, generally for people over 65. • Memory los, confusion, mood swings, aggression, general withdrawal • No cure but limited treatment acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( Reminyl & Aricept) result in more of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine  reduces symptoms • Parkinson’s disease • Shaking, slow movements, muscle stiffness, stooped posture, impaired speech • Deficiency in neurotransmitter, dopamine. • Treatments includes dopamine or drugs which reduce acetylcholine which needs to be in balance with dopamine. • Drug delivery • Injections • Tablets / capsules • Ointments / creams • Suppositories (capsules inserted into rectum, vagina or urethra) • Inhalation (nasal spray, inhaler) • Skin patches • Implanted slow release capsules • Slow release pumps

  6. Biotechnology • Tissue regeneration • Regenerative medicine: tissue engineering. Growth of certain tissue types in a lab • Requires: tissue type cells, matrix to support cells, substances that act as cell communicators (initiate division and growth) • E.g 2D - skin, bone, cartilage. 3D – tendons, knee cartilage • Spray-on-skin • Production of skin cells in 5 days (rather than 21) • Used to treat burns or other skin trauma (fast response reduces scarring) • Produced by Dr Fiona Wood (from WA) • Stem cells • Undifferentiated, can divided repeatedly, can differentiate into different types of cells • Aldultvs embryonic stem cells • Totipotent: potential to create any/all cell types. (found in zygote – 1st five days) • Pluripotent: Potential to create foetal cell types (but not embryonic membranes) (found in ICM) • Multipotent: Potential to create cell types which are linked by a particular function. (blood stem cell RBC, WBC etc)

  7. Transplants • Heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, pancreas • Bone marrow, heart valves, skin, cornea • Taken from the recently deceased • Grafts • Transplant of only part of an organ • Skin, tendon, bone, nerves

More Related