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2. Biocontrol Biocontrol uses natural or modified organisms, and genes or gene products of selected organisms to reduce the effects of undesirable pests affecting crops. Next End Biocontrol is the reduction of disease producing activity of a pathogen accomplished by/or through organisms.

3. Bio-control Agents Parasitic Insects Certain insects act as parasites on eggs or larva, and kill the host insects. Epiricania melanoleuca Previous Next End Trichogramma Wasp

4. Bio-control Agents Predatory Insects Predatory insects hunt and feeds on its prey insects. Assassin bug Previous Next End Robber fly

5. Bio-control Agents Pathogens Certain microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and virus, infect insect pests causing their death. Larva killed by NP Virus Trichoderma fungus Previous Next End Bacillus bacteria

6. Bio-Pesticides Bio-pesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from natural material such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. Many bio-pesticides are less toxic and pose a lower risk than conventional pesticides which can be quite toxic. Bio-pesticides fall into three major classes. Previous Next End

7. Bio-Pesticides 1. Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. Previous Next End

8. Bio-Pesticides 2. The most widely used microbial pesticides are subspecies and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt. Some Bt's control moth larvae found on plants, Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a few related species of insect larvae. Previous Next End

9. Bio-Pesticides 3. Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein, and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material. Then the plant, instead of the Bt bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroys the pest Previous Next End

10. Bio-Pesticides Advantages Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic material that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Previous Next End

11. Bio-Pesticides Advantages Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps. Bio-pesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides. Previous Next End

12. Bio-Pesticides Advantages Bio-pesticides generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that may affect organisms as different as birds, insects, and mammals. Bio-pesticides often are effective in very small quantities and often decompose quickly, thereby resulting in lower exposures and largely avoiding the pollution problems caused by conventional pesticides. Previous Next End

13. Bio-Pesticides Advantages When used as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, bio-pesticides can greatly decrease the use of conventional pesticides, while crop yields remain high. To use bio-pesticides effectively, however, users need to know a great deal about managing pests. Previous Next End

14. Bio-Pesticides Actinovate is a microbial pesticide registered for suppression of botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew on banana in the field and greenhouse. The active ingredient in Actinovate is spores of Streptomyces lydicus, a naturally occurring bacterium commonly found in soil. Previous Next End

15. Bio-Pesticides Researchers think that this bacterium helps protect plants by growing over the plant surface, parasitizing fungal pathogens producing antibiotics detrimental to the fungal diseases. Before using this product in banana crop, consider whether suppression will be adequate in a commercial crop. Previous Next End

16. Bio-Pesticides Actinovate is a microbial pesticide registered for suppression of botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew on banana in the field and greenhouse. Applications should begin when conditions favor disease development. Previous Next End

17. Bio-Pesticides Repeat Actinovate application in 7 to 14 days interval. Use spray mixture of Actinovate within 4 hours of its preparation. Store Actinovate at room temperature (21-26°C), but should not be frozen or exposed to very high temperatures. Previous Next End

18. Bio-Pesticides Actinovate contains live bacteria and should not be used with bactericides. Always leave an untreated plot to evaluate the efficacy of Actinovate. Previous Next End

19. Bio-Pesticides Serenade products (Serenade ASO, Serenade MAX) are registered for the suppression of a variety of diseases on fruit crops. The active ingredient is Bacillus subtilis, which colonizes plant parts and helps prevent disease microorganisms from becoming established. Previous Next End

20. Bio-Pesticides Serenade products may not provide complete control and should be used as part of an integrated disease suppression program, which includes cultural controls and other tactics. So, consider whether suppression will be adequate in a commercial crop before using these products. Previous Next End

21. Bio-Pesticides Serenade is most effective when applied during the early stages of disease development. Rotate this product with other fungicides when conditions are conducive to heavy disease pressure. End