Hydrology and Atmosphere Concept Review

1. Hydrology and Atmosphere Concept Review Eric Angat Teacher

2. 1. What do you call the water in the aquifer and water table? Groundwater Includes all the water underground. Water table groundwater Impermeable rocks aquifer

3. 2. How is groundwater recharge attained? Rechargehappens when water percolates into the ground. PRECIPITATION PERCOLATION groundwater

4. 3. What happens when the water table rises above the surface of the earth? Flood happens when the water table rises above the surface. Water table groundwater

5. 4. What is a divide? A Divide is land that separates two bodies of water. Divide

6. 5. Why are Riparians buffers important? Riparian buffers ( trees, shrubs, grasses on riverbanks)are important for good water quality. Non-point source pollution is removed from runoff by plants before reaching the river or stream. Erosion is prevented Erosion is prevented

7. Riparian buffers are important for good water quality. Riparian zones help to prevent sediment and pollutants from reaching a stream. Riparian buffers include a native grass or herbaceous filter strip along with deep rooted trees and shrubs along the stream. NO riparian buffer Corn farm Runoff with sediments and excess fertilizers. Sediments and nitrates pollutes the river or stream. River

8. 6. What makes up a river basin? Mississippi River Basin There are many smaller watersheds within a river basin. Rivers and streams drains the watersheds.

9. precipitation Precipitation that falls flows downward usually creating a stream or river. The area of land that contributes water to a stream or river is called a watershed, or drainage basin. tributaries watershed river

10. Watershed divide Land separating two watersheds.

11. 7. What kind of heat transfer is responsible for the rising of warm air masses from the equator and sinking of cold air masses from the poles? Convection Warm air mass rises from the equator while cold air mass sinks from the poles.

12. Convection Warm water rises while cold water sinks.

13. 8. A chemical factory accidentally released toxic chemicals at Yadkin-Peedee. What major city will be greatly affected? A. Winston-Salem C. Goldsboro B. Fayetteville Remember: A river flows downstream D. Wilmington B. Fayetteville

14. 9. How are we affected by deforestation and urbanization? DEFORESTATION • Less oxygen • More carbon dioxide URBANIZATION • Less habitat for animals • Less biodiversity

15. 10. What benefits do we get from reforestation? Runoff/flooding reduction Habitat for animals. Greater biodiversity. CO2 reduction in air. Less greenhouse effect, and acid rain. Adds O2 in air. Better air quality.

16. 11. How are the oceans affected by increasing temperatures or global warming? Humidity increases means more or stronger precipitations. More water evaporation from means salinity increases. Sea Ice melts, adding more freshwater in the oceans causes seawater rise and flooding on low lying areas and coastlines.

17. 12. How is water affected by temperature increase? Warm water rises due to its lower density. Convection

18. 12. How is water affected by temperature increase? Warm water loses its dissolved oxygen.

19. 13. How do aquatic organisms benefit from upwelling in the ocean? Wind causes waves and upwelling. Upwelling ( rising ) water brings food near the ocean surface. Sea creatures feed.

20. 14. Which layer of the atmosphere is the coldest and the hottest? Hottest Thermosphere Coldest Mesopause Mesosphere stratosphere Troposphere -90 Celsius 90 Celsius

21. 15. What is the portion of land into which an area drains all of its streams and tributaries? • watershed • tributaries • riverbank • groundwater

22. 16. A riparian buffer is an area of vegetation found near a stream. What benefit could this provide to the river in an agricultural area? • prevent erosion of loose soil from crops • reduce non-point source pollution of surface water

23. 17. What separates one watershed from another? A. divide B. aquifer C. mountain D. river basin

24. 18. What is a negative consequence of deforestation? A. making space to grow crops B. reducing the effects of global warming C. decreasing animal habitats D. increasing biodiversity reducing the effects of global warming is a GOOD consequence.

25. 19. Which can hold more water vapor cold air or warm air? Warm air: Less dense Warm Air - Not as many air molecules Cold Air - More air molecules Cold air: More dense

26. Cold air has less spaces between molecules that is why it is more dense and it sinks and water vapor condenses.. Humidity increases. Water vapor condenses followed by precipitation. Warm air has more spaces between molecules that is why it is less dense and it rises.

27. Temperature:53 F Temperature:52 F Temperature:51 F 20. The weather forecast is sunny skies with a temperature of 87 F and a dew point of 61. Why will it become more humid if the temperature were to drop? A. water vapor would condense B. water vapor would expand

28. 21. What is an estuary? River flows downstream into the ocean. Estuary River water ( freshwater) mixes with ocean water ( salty water) Rising tides can cause the estuary water to become more saline.

29. 22.Why are estuaries important? • Nursery • Food chain • Biodiversity

30. 23. Which uses the greatest amount of freshwater supply ? Agriculture, 55%

31. 24. What can be done to lessen or alleviate the freshwater requirements of farms ( agriculture)? Think! Water crops at night. How can this help?

32. 25. What is the composition of the atmosphere?

33. 26. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

34. Match the characteristics of the layers of the atmosphere. • 27. Weather • 28. Ozone layer • 29. Meteor burns • 30. Weather • satellites • 31. Densest air • 32. Highest air • pressure • Hurricane • Thunderstorm • Aurora

35. Weather satellite Aurora Weather Meteor burns Ozone layer thunderstorm Weather Highest air pressure hurricane Densest air

36. 27. Weather : ______________ • 28. Ozone layer : ______________ • 29. Meteor burns : ______________ • 30. Weather satellites : _____________ • 31. Densest air : _____________ • 32. Highest air pressure : ___________ • Hurricane : ______________ • Thunderstorm : ______________ • Aurora : _______________ Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Troposphere Troposphere Troposphere Troposphere Thermosphere Thermosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere

38. What's a River Basin? What's a Watershed? What is a River Basin? A river basin is the portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries. It encompasses all of the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks that flow downhill into one another, and eventually into the Milwaukee River.  The final destination is than an estuary which eventually carries it to Lake Michigan. As a bathtub catches all the water that falls within its sides, a river basin sends all the water falling on the surrounding land into the Milwaukee River, then to Lake Michigan and eventually the Atlantic Ocean. As an artery connects the parts of a body to one another, so a river threads together the creeks and streams, valleys and hills, lakes and underground springs that share a common assembly of water. Whatever happens to surface or groundwater in one part of the river basin will find its way to other parts. If water is diverted out of its downward course in one section, other parts will come to "know" of its absence. A river basin comes closer than any other defined area of land, with the exception of an isolated island, to meeting the definition of an ecosystem in which all things, living and non-living, are connected and interdependent. What is a Watershed? A watershed is simply the area of land that catches rain and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater.  What is the difference between a River Basin and a Watershed? Both river basins and watersheds are areas of land that drain to a particular water body, such as a lake, stream, river or estuary. In a river basin, all the water drains to a large river. The term watershed is used to describe a smaller area of land that drains to a smaller stream, lake or wetland. There are many smaller watersheds within a river basin.