Monday - December 2, 2013

1. Monday - December 2, 2013 As you enter… During class… Watch “I Wanna Iguana” Discuss: How are children’s books effective in persuading? How can this be dangerous? - • Take out paper for notes! It is time to learn more about rhetoric and persuasion! • Rhetoric Prezi • Persuasion Invasion • Homework: Read “The Cat Bill Veto” in your PofL – annotate for rhetorical devices

2. PeRsUaSiOn InVaSioN Rhetorical Analysis Norman High School English II

3. So what is RHETORIC? • According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion.”

4. To help develop ETHOS in writing…  What are the writer’s qualifications? How has the writer connected him/herself to the topic being discussed?  Does the writer demonstrate respect for multiple viewpoints by using sources in the text?  Are sources credible? Are sources documented appropriately?  Does the writer use a tone that is suitable for the audience/purpose? Is the diction (word choice) used appropriate for the audience/purpose?  Is the document presented in a polished and professional manner?

5. Ethos(Credibility or Trust) • It is extremely important and difficult to appear trustworthy to your readers. • Choose words carefully and sentence structure carefully. • “We are more likely to believe people who have good character.” • We also trust those who are similar to us in some way. (age, social status, personality, etc.) • Authority can also be an effective measure of trustworthiness. (an elder, manager, pastor, teacher) • Reputation (experience or skill) REVIEW: ETHOS is trustworthiness, reputation, authority and/or similarity. Would you trust me as your teacher if I told you I didn’t earn a degree?

6. Logos(Consistency/Logic) • An argument must be logical and make sense to readers • Logical arguments make claims, offer data, and then warrant an argument. • Example: Texting and driving is dangerous to teens. Data from the University of Utah shows that “Distraction from cell phone use while driving (hand held or hands free) extends a driver's reaction as much as having a blood alcohol concentration at the legal limit of .08 percent.” For this reason alone, texting while driving should be deemed illegal. • Errors in logic are common and often debunk an argument. We call these, logical fallacies. (More on those another day)

7. To help develop LOGOS in writing…  Is the thesis clear and specific? (for help with thesis statements, see the Revising Thesis Statements handout)  Is the thesis supported by strong reasons and credible evidence?  Is the argument logical and arranged in a well-reasoned order? What error in logic does this clip present?

8. Pathos (emotions/imagination) • Sometimes you can trump logic by appealing to emotion, but you have to know your audience. • Pathos involves making your reader feel a stirring emotion that makes them want to be involved in some way. • Adding sensory details is another way to appeal to emotion. How does this clip appeal to your emotion?

9. To help develop PATHOS in writing…  Are vivid examples, details and images used to engage the reader’s emotions and imagination?  Does the writer appeal to the values and beliefs of the reader by using examples readers can relate to or care about?

10. Let’s Review THE APPEALS Ethos Logos Pathos Ethos = ethics/trustworthiness Logos = logic/must make sense Pathos = emotion/make them feel • Rhetorical Strategy • Use the appeals • Have a sense of style when writing • Be organized Special thanks to www.layingthefoundation.org

11. Tuesday - December 3, 2013 As you enter… During class… Discuss “The Cat Bill Veto” Small group: find three ways this argument is effective and SOAPStone Let’s Share Watch this clip! Identify ELPS! HW: Read and annotate “The Truman Doctrine”[focus on R-devices] Check out this retro Colgate advertisement. Which appeal is being used? Explain in at least one sentence. You need your spiral & your quick write folder today. • How does this speech from We Are Marshall use rhetorical devices to inspire the players?

12. SOAPSTone Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone

13. SOAPSTone Speaker The voice that tells the story. Before authors begin to write, they must decide whose voice is going to be heard. Whether this voice belongs to a fictional character or to the writers themselves, effective writers determine how to insert and develop those attributes of the speaker that will influence the perceived meaning of the piece.

14. SOAPSTone Occasion The time and the place of the piece; the context that prompted the writing. Writing does not occur in a vacuum. All writers are influenced by the larger occasion: an environment of ideas, attitudes, and emotions that swirl around a broad issue. Then there is the immediate occasion: an event or situation that catches the writer's attention and triggers a response.

15. SOAPSTone Audience The group of readers to whom this piece is directed. Before authors begin to write, they must determine who the audience is that they intend to address. It may be one person or a specific group. This choice of audience will affect how and why authors write a particular text.

16. SOAPSTone Purpose The reason behind the text. Writers need to consider the purpose of the text in order to develop the thesis or the argument and its logic. They ask themselves, "What do I want my audience to think or do as a result of reading my text?"

17. SOAPSTone Subject The central topic. Before authors begin to write, they must decide whose voice is going to be heard. Whether this voice belongs to a fictional character or to the writers themselves, effective writers determine how to insert and develop those attributes of the speaker that will influence the perceived meaning of the piece.

18. SOAPSTone Tone The attitude of the author. The spoken word can convey the speaker's attitude and thus help to impart meaning through tone of voice. With the written word, it is tonethat extends meaning beyond the literal, and authors must convey this tone in their diction (choice of words) syntax (sentence construction) imagery (metaphors, similes, and other types of figurative language). The ability to manage tone is one of the best indicators of a sophisticated writer.

19. SOAPSTone More about Tone Tone is the author’s/narrator’s attitude toward the subject. Tone is different from mood, which is the emotional feeling produced by the passage. The tone and the mood of a passage may indeed be the same, but on the AP Language exam, you will have to explain how an author develops a certain tone using the devices of language, such as FIDDS— figurative language, imagery, diction, details, and syntax.

20. Wednesday- December 4, 2013 As you enter… During class… Any teacher volunteers? SOAPStone “The Truman Doctrine” on your own first Full class SOAPStone Exit Ticket: Explain the effectiveness of argument in “The Truman Doctrine” • Watch this iPhone 5 commercial • How does it appeal to buyers? • Use academic terminology

21. Thursday- December 5, 2013 As you enter… During class… What is satire? How is it persuasive? Watch COLBERT clip and analyze. Watch Sarah and Hillary clip and analyze. Watch this and analyze! • Watch This • What rhetorical and syntactical devices does the author/artist employ to persuade you? • HW: Prepare for JLC discussion 2 – tomorrow. • Consider: what are some ways the author is reinforcing themes?

22. Satire Noun. A literary manner which blends humor with criticism for the purpose of instruction or the improvement of humanity

23. The necessary ingredients • Humor • Criticism, either general criticism of humanity or human nature or specific criticism of an individual or group. • Some kind of moral voice: simply mocking or criticism is not “satire.”

24. The Satiric Manner • Ironic/Sarcastic • Either good natured criticism (Horatian after Horace) or bitterly cynical denunciation (Juvenalian after Juvenal) • Always opposed to pretense, affectation, and hypocrisy • More than a little bit prone to references to things society finds taboo or disgusting (bodily functions, sexuality, etc.)

25. Comedian Dennis Miller’s popular series of books, Rants, are an excellent modern example of direct satire.

26. The Death of Common Sense “You can't get in your car and not run into another idiot who pulls into the gas station with his fuel tank on the wrong side and then has to get instructions from a NASA team at Houston Control to figure out how to maneuver his car so that the tank is on the correct side. And you can't open a paper without reading about a mondo idiot who gets hurt or killed at a railroad crossing because they had to try and beat the train to get home in time to watch Charlene Tilton's salute to porcelain clowns on QVC.”

27. Parody = a work of literature that mimics another work of literature, usually as a way of criticizing it. • Monty Python and the Holy Grail • Austin Powers • Scary Movie/Epic Movie • Gulliver’s Travels • Don Quixote • Wicked

28. Check out this classic modern example of parody in action

29. Reversal… • When the satirist uses/describes the opposite of what he actually wants to happen in order to make a point… When Colbert discusses the Mexican “invasion” of Hollywood, he truly means that he does not mind the “immigration” but comments on the irrational fear conservatives have of Hollywood and immigrants.

30. Caricature = An exaggerated portrayal of the weaknesses, frailties, or humorous aspects of an individual or group.

31. Caricatures of the presidential candidates by Saturday Night Live cast members in ‘03 year actually changed the way that the candidates performed in public.

32. Exaggeration = The portrayal of something trivial or unimportant as very important, usually to emphasize its triviality. Diminutization = the portrayal of something perceived as important as something trivial/unimportant to show its unimportance.** Zoolander and the “fashion world”** Weird Al’s “Amish Paradise”** The Rape of the Lock (A. Pope)

33. An Excerpt.. The Peer now spreads the glittering Forfex wide, T' inclose the Lock; now joins it, to divide. Ev'n then, before the fatal Engine clos'd, A wretched Sylph too fondly interpos'd; Fate urged the Sheers, and cut the Sylph in twain, (But Airy Substance soon unites again) The meeting Points the sacred Hair dissever From the fair Head, for ever and for ever!

34. Utopianism = A criticism of the status quo through comparison with a superior kind of society that highlights the weaknesses of one’s own. • Utopia, by Sir Thomas Moore • Gargantua and Pantegruel • Gulliver’s Travels, Book II

35. Dystopianism = A criticism of certain aspects of society through comparison to an inferior society that adopts some of these aspects. • George Orwell’s 1984 • Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World • Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 • Kurt Vonnegut’s Player Piano • Gulliver’s Travels, Book IV * Both Dystopianism and Utopianism use contrast to make point.

36. Friday- December 6, 2013 As you enter… During class… JLC # 3 You will be discussing in small groups today. A member will keep minutes. I will visit each group to determine your grade. Impress me. • Prepare for your JLC discussion: You may take a few minutes to make sure your questions are up to par. I expect each group to discuss the entire time. • HW: Read Sojourner Truth and Anna Cooper’s articles in your PofL – be ready to discuss!