The Sentence and Its Parts

1. The Sentence and Its Parts Part 2

2. Kinds of Sentences • There are four kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory.

3. Four Kinds of Sentences

4. Let’s Practice • Add the correct punctuation mark and identify the type of sentence. • What’s wrong • I don’t want to read this story • Go do your homework • I’m so excited

5. Subjects in Unusual Order • In most declarative sentences (statements), subjects come before verbs. In some kinds of sentences, however, subjects can come between verb parts, follow verbs, or not appear at all.

6. Subjects in Unusual Order • Questions • In most questions, the subject comes after the verb or between parts of the verb phrase. • Is the story good? • Didyoufind it funny? • To find the subject, turn the question into a statement. • The story is good. • You did find it funny.

7. Subjects in Unusual Order • Commands – The subject of a command, or imperative sentence is usually you. • Often, you doesn’t appear in the sentence because it is understood. We call it the “understood you.” • (You) Turn down the lights. • Sit perfectly still.

8. Subjects in Unusual Order • Inverted Sentences • In inverted sentences, the subject comes after the verb. Their usual order is reversed. Normal – A scratching sound came from the other side of the door. Inverted – From the other side of the door came a scratching sound.

9. Subjects in Unusual Order • Sentences Beginning with Here or There • In some sentences beginning with here or there, the subject follows the verb. • To find the subject, look for the verb and ask who? Or what? • Here comes the rain. • There goes our electricity.

10. Let’s Practice • Find the simple subject and the verb (or verb phrase) in each sentence. • Listen to the tale of Alfred BulltopStormalong. • Across the ocean sailed this enormous ship’s captain. • There goes his unbelievably large ship. • Did the crew ride across the colossal deck on horses?

11. Subject Complements • A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the verb. Two kinds of complements are subject complements and objects of verbs. • A subject complement is a word or group of words that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject. • Remember! A linking verb LINKS the subject with a noun or adjective that tells more about it.

12. Subject Complements • Here are a few examples: • Cowboy poetryis a Western tradition. • Poetry = subject • Is = linking verb • Tradition = complement • Spaghettiwas my favorite meal as a child. • Spaghetti = ? • Was = ? • Meal = ?

13. Subject Complements • Predicate Nouns and Predicate Adjectives • Both nouns and adjectives can serve as subject complements. • A predicate noun follows a linking verb and defines or renames the subject. • A popular cowboy poetisRudy Gonzales. • Rudy Gonzales renames the subject. It identifies the poet.

14. Subject Complements • A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes a quality of the subject. • Most cowboy poetryishumorous. • Poetry = subject • Is = verb • Humorous = predicate adjective • Some of the poemsaresad. • Poems = ? • Are = ? • Sad = ?

15. Let’s Practice • Identify the underlined word in each sentence, and identify it as either a predicate noun (PN) or a predicate adjective (PA). • John Henry is an American folk hero. • According to some, he was a worker on a railroad-building project in the 1870s. • In the ballad, his strength is extraordinary. • The legend grew more famous with each passing year.

16. Objects of Verbs • Whereas linking verbs have subject complements (predicate nouns and predicate adjectives), action verbs often need complements. • These complements are called direct and indirect objects.

17. Objects of Verbs • Direct Objects • A direct object is a word or group of words that names the receiver of the action. It answers the question what or whom. • Jack climbed the beanstalk. • What did Jack climb? Beanstalk • Beanstalk is the direct object. • The giant’s wife protectedJack. • The giant’s wife protected whom?

18. Objects of Verbs • Indirect Objects • An indirect object is a word or group of words that tells to whom or what (or for whom or what) an action is performed. • An indirect object usually comes between a verb and a direct object.

19. Objects of Verbs • Indirect Objects • Jesse told his little cousins the story. • Jessie told what? story (direct object) • To whom? cousins (indirect object) • Note: A sentence CAN have a direct object without having an indirect object. However, a sentence CANNOT have an indirect object if it does not have a direct object.

20. Objects of Verbs • Finding Direct and Indirect Objects Jack showed his mother the magic beans. • Find the action verb in the sentence. showed • To find the direct object, ask, Showed what?beans • To find the indirect object, ask, Showed to whom? mother

21. Let’s Practice • Write each object of a verb, and identify it as a direct object (DO) or indirect object (IO). • Our class is planning a storytelling festival. • She taught us her secrets. • We will invite students from other classes to our festival. • Perhaps my grandmother can give me some advice.

22. Fragments and Run-Ons • Sentence fragments and run-on sentences are writing errors that can make your writing difficult to understand.

23. Fragments and Run-Ons • Sentence Fragments • A sentence fragment is a part of a sentence that is written as if it were a complete sentence. • A sentence fragment is missing a subject, a predicate, or both. • The Bayeaux Tapestry in an ancient French town. (missing a predicate) • Tells the story of the Norman victory in England. (missing a subject. • From the 11th century. (missing subject and predicate. • To make a complete sentence, add a subject, a predicate, or both. • The Bayeaux Tapestry hangs in an ancient French town. It tells the story of the Norman victory in England. The tapestry dates from the 11th century.

24. Fragments and Run-Ons • Run-On Sentences • A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written as though they were a single sentence. • The English lost the historic battle, Duke William of Normandy became their new king. • Revision • The English lost the historic battle. Duke William of Normandy became their new king. OR • The English lost the historic battle, and Duke William of Normandy became their new king.

25. Let’s Practice • Identify each of the following sentences as a fragment (F) or a run-on (RO). Create a complete sentence from the fragment or run on. • Are going to the store after school. • The boxes containing the scenes are called panels, the spaces containing the dialogue are called speech balloons. • Teachers in the 21st century. • Early comic strips featured humorous characters and situations many people called them “funnies.”

26. Answers • They are going to the store after school. • The boxes containing the scenes are called panels. The spaces containing the dialogue are called speech balloons. • Teachers in the 21stcentury use technology daily. • Early comic strips featured humorous characters and situations, and many people called them “funnies.”