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Lesson 5 – Understanding Network Hardware

Lesson 5 – Understanding Network Hardware. OVERVIEW. Repeaters Hubs and concentrators Bridges Routers Switches Gateways Firewalls Short-haul modems. REPEATER. A repeater: Extends the distance of a Network run.

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Lesson 5 – Understanding Network Hardware

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  1. Lesson 5 – Understanding Network Hardware

  2. OVERVIEW • Repeaters • Hubs and concentrators • Bridges • Routers • Switches • Gateways • Firewalls • Short-haul modems

  3. REPEATER A repeater: • Extends the distance of a Network run. • Takes a weak Network signal in on one side, boosts the signal, and sends it out its other side. • Operates at the physical layer of the OSI Networking model.

  4. Repeater A repeater: • Is only used to connect the same type of media. • Can segment one of its connections from the other.

  5. Repeater Using repeaters to expand Network length

  6. HUBS AND CONCENTRATORS • Hubs and concentrators are used to connect Network nodes to Network backbones. • Nodes are connected to hubs in a physical star fashion, whether they are used for a star or ring topology Network.

  7. Hubs and concentrators Properties : • Hubs echo data from each port to other ports on the hub. • They are automatically positioned.

  8. Hubs and concentrators Features : • Built-in management. • Auto sensing of connection speeds. • High-speed up-links connecting the hub to a backbone. • Built-in bridging and routing functions .

  9. Bridges A typical hub arrangement

  10. BRIDGES • Built-in switching. • Bridges connect two Network segments. • They have the intelligence to pass traffic from one segment to another.

  11. Bridges • Bridges that can span different Networking systems and media are also available. • They operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. • They address information about all parts of your Network.

  12. ROUTERS • Routersoperate at the network layer of the OSI Model. • They are far more intelligent than bridges in sending incoming packets to their destination.

  13. Routers • Routers can translate from any of the protocols at layers 1-3 to any other protocols at layers 1-3. • They can connect similar and dissimilar networks.

  14. Routers • Routers become a node on a Network and have their own Network address. • They can determine and use the shortest route to a location. • They form the backbone of the Internet.

  15. Routers Programming routers: • Connect a terminal or PC to the RS-232C port and program the router in text mode. • Use the Network-based software to program the router.

  16. Routers Network using routers

  17. SWITCHES • Switches can rapidly switch connections from one port to another. • They are connection-oriented.

  18. Switches • They dynamically switch among ports to create connections. • All ports coming into a switch are not part of a single collision domain.

  19. Switches Network using hubs and switches

  20. GATEWAYS • Gateways are application-specific interfaces. • They link the 7 layers of the OSI Model when they are dissimilar at any or all levels. • They can translate from Ethernet to Token Ring.

  21. FIREWALLS • A firewall sits between two Networks and enforces Network security policies. • They generally sit between a company LAN and the Internet.

  22. Firewalls Types: • Network-based • Application-based

  23. SHORT-HAUL MODEMS Short-haul modems : • Provide point-to-point connectivity between a workstation and another device. • Enable you to connect two distant RS-232C devices to each other.

  24. Short-haul modems Short-haul modems: • Can be used when a computer needs terminal access to a remote device. • Are preferred when the two devices often or always need to be connected.

  25. Short-haul modems Short-haul modem connection

  26. SUMMARY • Repeaters • Hubs and concentrators • Bridges • Routers • Programming routers • Switches • Gateways • Firewalls • Short-haul modems

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