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Prof. Dr. Etleva DELIA Agricultural University of Tirana Faculty of Agriculture and Environment

How to reduce environmental problems in Durres Region through the biogas production by animal manure. Prof. Dr. Etleva DELIA Agricultural University of Tirana Faculty of Agriculture and Environment.

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Prof. Dr. Etleva DELIA Agricultural University of Tirana Faculty of Agriculture and Environment

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  1. How to reduce environmental problems in Durres Region through the biogas production by animal manure. Prof. Dr. Etleva DELIA Agricultural University of Tirana Faculty of Agriculture and Environment

  2. IntroductionDurrës is one of the biggest city in Albania. Also, There are the most concentrated poultry and pig farms and industries in Albania. 1million broïler chicken. 16.000 cattle Developed Swine IndustryPopulation : 200,000 habitant Arable Surface :16. 000 ha 16. 000 ha

  3. Human and animal health Consumption of high NO3-drinking water Fresh-market vegetables contamination (N, Pb, Cu, Zn) Livestock ingestion of high-nitrate feed or water Environmental Problems Ecosystem damage Groundwater contamination (>100 mg NO3- L-1) Eutrophication of surface water (N & P) Soil & surface water contamination (Cu, Zn, Pb, Pesticides)

  4. Well-drained soils (70% of total surface are sandy soils • Intensive agriculture (green houses) • Shallow water tables • Intensive irrigation ( from 1000 m3 to 8000 m3/season- forage plants) • Intensive rain in winter season (80% of annual precipitation) • Highly concentrated animal production • Irrigation water is water use from Tirana municipality Factors

  5. Crop optimum yields (Evaluation aproximatively).

  6. Nitrogen balance • Total required by all crops (approximate calculations)  108 kg/ha/yearAnnual Nutrient Balance N shows that we have a positive value of N(+ 16 kg N/ha/year)

  7. Albanian Livestock Sector • Albania is a mountainous country and only 16% of its territory is located at elevations of less than 100 m a.s.l. The agricultural land is distributed as follows: 43,3% in the plan or flat areas, 34% in the hilly zones and the remaining, 22,7% in the mountainous region. • According the data, Albanian livestock has increased from 31% to 50% of agricultural production since 1991. • Diary cows are raised throughout the country, while sheep and goats are common in the hills and mountainous areas while herds are larger in the south.

  8. Problems with animal manure • Excessive animal manure and fertilizer inputs do cause various environmental problems, including the accumulation and elevated leaching and runoff of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metal to ground water and surface water W. de Vries et al (2005). • Groundwater contamination by nitrate-nitrogen and eutrophication of surface waters by phosphorus originating from land application of fertilizers and animal manure are well documented in some most populated areas like, Durres, suburb of Tirana, Lushnja etc

  9. Problems with animals • Sometimes the farmers have distributed the animal manure in everywhere, because there is not government law, which not allows this distribution. • In such situation the authority has no control on the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen in the arable soil and ground water. Actually in Albania, the problems of soil and water pollutions are very important

  10. Problems • Some of the pigs and poultry farms in Albania are in the suburb of the cities, but some others are near the living centre, like as in Tirana, Durres, Vlore, Shkoder etc. • The fecal excretion only by the poultry farms in Albania are nearly 41450 T per year.

  11. The average quantity of organic fertilizer belong to the species in Albania, Th. Piu & E. Locher (2001)

  12. N and P amended in the cultivated soils with manure.

  13. The composition of organic fertilizer in Kg/ton, Piu & Locher (2001)

  14. Animal nutrition & Environment pollution Nutritive ration of monogastric animals (pigs and poultry) contains 90 % cereals seed (corn, wheat, barley, rey, oat) The majority of “P” in cereal grains is organically bound as phytic acid or phytate. This form of P is nutritionally unavailable to non ruminant animals due to the lack of phytase in their digestive tract.

  15. Phytase increases the digestibility and bioavailability of P from phytate. • Reduces the amount of inorganic P needed to maximize growth and bone mineralization. • Markedly reduces fecal excretion of P. • Phytase seems to increase the bioavailability of Ca, Z, and other divalent cations that otherwise bind to phytate. • Some studies suggest that phytase may improve ideal digestibility of amino acidsslightly.

  16. Results

  17. This new feed technology used by some big Companies in Albania, like as AIBA, AGROTEK, ELVIS offer substantial benefits to pig and poultry production by reducing the potential for environmental problems associated with excess P excretion.

  18. Thanks for attention!

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